Tyramine and octopamine: antagonistic modulators of behavior and metabolism.
Tyramine and octopamine: antagonistic modulators of behavior and metabolism.
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DOI：
10.1002/arch.10102
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发表时间：
2003-09
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
T. Roeder;M. Seifert;Christian Kähler;M. Gewecke
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Roeder;M. Seifert;Christian Kähler;M. Gewecke
酪胺和章鱼胺是氨基酸酪氨酸的脱羧产物。虽然酪胺是章鱼胺的生物前体，但这两种化合物都是独立的神经递质，通过各种G蛋白偶联受体起作用。特别是，章鱼胺调节过多的行为，外周和感觉器官。这两种化合物被认为是脊椎动物肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素的同系物。它们以协调的方式调节行为和器官，这使得昆虫能够以微调的适当反应来响应外部刺激。由于这两种酚胺是仅有的生理意义仅限于无脊椎动物的生物胺，药理学家的注意力集中在相应的受体上，这些受体仍然被认为是新杀虫剂的有前途的靶标。最近在章鱼胺/酪胺研究的各个层面上取得的进展使我们能够更好地理解复杂行为控制背后的分子事件。
The phenolamines tyramine and octopamine are decarboxylation products of the amino acid tyrosine. Although tyramine is the biological precursor of octopamine, both compounds are independent neurotransmitters, acting through various G-protein coupled receptors. Especially, octopamine modulates a plethora of behaviors, peripheral and sense organs. Both compounds are believed to be homologues of their vertebrate counterparts adrenaline and noradrenaline. They modulate behaviors and organs in a coordinated way, which allows the insects to respond to external stimuli with a fine tuned adequate response. As these two phenolamines are the only biogenic amines whose physiological significance is restricted to invertebrates, the attention of pharmacologists was focused on the corresponding receptors, which are still believed to represent promising targets for new insecticides. Recent progress made on all levels of octopamine/tyramine research enabled us to better understand the molecular events underlying the control of complex behaviors.