Getting Better with Age? A Review of Psychophysiological Studies of Fear Extinction Learning Across Development.
Getting Better with Age? A Review of Psychophysiological Studies of Fear Extinction Learning Across Development.
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随着年龄的增长会变得更好吗？
DOI：
10.1007/7854_2023_441
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Jovanovic,Tanja
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stenson,AnaïsF;France,JohnM;Jovanovic,Tanja
一项关键的发展任务是了解环境中什么构成可靠的威胁和安全信号。在人类中，非典型的恐惧学习过程与许多心理健康状况有关，特别是恐惧和焦虑症，这表明通过实验室测量恐惧学习来促进早期识别高危个体的可能性。这一章回顾了恐惧学习和消亡学习的研究，这些研究包括心理生理反应的外围测量，并包括一个发展样本。大体上，这些研究表明，在不同的发育阶段，不同的学习和消亡是基本一致的，这是通过多个范式、跨生理指数进行评估的。然而，重要的是，跨测量(例如，生理、神经和行为)的反应一致性在不同的研究中是不一致的。探索焦虑和恐惧学习过程之间联系的研究结果也不太一致。这些喜忧参半的发现突出表明，有必要进一步研究何时以及为什么会出现差异，既有发展过程中的差异，也有与包括心理健康、童年逆境和性别在内的个人差异因素有关的差异。此外，仍有必要进行研究，以检验消亡回忆学习的发展变化，以及刺激类型是否会影响整个发展阶段的学习。旨在解决这些问题的纵向研究可以为恐惧、学习和灭绝的发展轨迹提供新的见解。
A critical developmental task is learning what constitutes reliable threat and safety signals in the environment. In humans, atypical fear learning processes are implicated in many mental health conditions, particularly fear and anxiety disorders, pointing to the potential for laboratory measures of fear learning to facilitate early identification of at-risk individuals. This chapter reviews studies of fear learning and extinction learning that incorporate peripheral measures of psychophysiological response and include a developmental sample. Broadly, these studies indicate substantial consistency in differential learning and extinction across development, as assessed with multiple paradigms, across physiological indices. Importantly, though, response coherence across measures (e.g., physiological, neural, and behavioral) was inconsistent across studies. There was also less consistency in results from studies that probed associations between anxiety and fear learning processes. These mixed findings highlight the need for additional examination of when and why there is variability, both across development and in relation to individual differences factors, including mental health, childhood adversity, and sex. In addition, there remains a need for studies that test for developmental change in extinction recall learning and whether stimulus type impacts learning across development. Longitudinal studies designed to address these questions could provide novel insight into the developmental trajectory of fear learning and extinction.