Hairy/E(spl)-related (Her) genes are central components of the segmentation oscillator and display redundancy with the Delta/Notch signaling pathway in the formation of anterior segmental boundaries in the zebraﬁsh-猫眼课题宝

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2002

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A. Oates;R. Ho

体平面的同色异谱是许多动物门的特征。脊柱和肋骨是成年脊椎动物最明显的节段结构，这些中胚层衍生物以及相关的肌肉和真皮，从胚胎中胚层的节段单位（称为体节）发育而来。体节是一组细胞，它们通过前体、近轴中胚层的一系列间充质到上皮的过渡，沿着胚胎体轴的两侧沿着由前到后的顺序形成。每个体节都有明显的喙侧和尾侧，体节的上皮边界，即体节间沟，在中线上是对称的。前体中胚层（PSM），尽管其不分节的外观，具有节段的prepattern反映了节段限制和极化的基因表达在前面的PSM，包括细胞粘附分子，肌肉分化因子和Delta/Notch信号通路的基因。一些Delta/Notch基因也以动态条纹模式表达，在PSM和尾芽的更后部区域缺乏节段极性。事实上，Delta/Notch信号似乎在控制脊椎动物体节发生中具有重要作用。在小鼠和z brafish中，编码Delta家族细胞表面配体的基因突变（Bulman et al.，2000;霍利等人，2000; Hrabe de Angelis等人，1997; Kusumi等人，1998）、Notch家族的跨膜受体（Conlon等，1995; Krebs等人，2000）或在来自Notch受体的信号转导途径的组分中（Donoviel等人，1999; Evrard等人，1998; Oka等人，1995; Shen等人，1997; Wong等人，1997; Zhang和Gridley，1998）导致异常的体节发生。这些缺陷是可见的不规则形状的体节与双边不对称的边界和损失的吻尾极性内的每个体节。这些突变体表型的一个重要特征是，随着越来越多的后部体节的产生，缺陷的严重性增加。在果蝇和脊椎动物中，Delta/Notch信号传导由2929 Development 129，2929-2946（2002）Printed in Great Britain © The Company of Biologists Limited 2002 DEV 2854编码的糖基转移酶活性调节

Metamerism of the body plan is a feature of many animal phyla. The vertebral column and ribs are the most obvious segmental structures of the adult vertebrate, and these mesodermal derivatives, as well as associated muscle and dermis, develop from segmental units of embryonic mesoderm called somites. Somites are clusters of cells that form in an anterior-to-posterior order along both sides of the embryonic body axis by a serial mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition of the presomitic, paraxial mesoderm. Each somite possesses a distinct rostral and caudal half, and the epithelial boundaries of somites, the intersomitic furrows, are symmetrical across the midline. The presomitic mesoderm (PSM), despite its unsegmented appearance, possesses a segmental prepattern mirrored by segmentally restricted and polarized gene expression in the anterior of the PSM, including cell adhesion molecules, muscle differentiation factors and genes of the Delta/Notch signaling pathway. Some Delta/Notch genes are also expressed in dynamic striped patterns that lack segmental polarity in more posterior regions of the PSM and tailbud. Indeed, Delta/Notch signaling appears to have an important role in controlling vertebrate somitogenesis. In mouse and z brafish, mutations in genes coding for cell surface ligands of the Delta family (Bulman et al., 2000; Holley et al., 2000; Hrabe de Angelis et al., 1997; Kusumi et al., 1998), in transmembrane receptors of the Notch family (Conlon et al., 1995; Krebs et al., 2000) or in components of the signal transduction pathway from the Notch receptor (Donoviel et al., 1999; Evrard et al., 1998; Oka et al., 1995; Shen et al., 1997; Wong et al., 1997; Zhang and Gridley, 1998) result in aberrant somitogenesis. These defects are visible as irregularly shaped somites with bilaterally asymmetrical boundaries and a loss of rostrocaudal polarity within each somite. An important feature of these mutant phenotypes is that as increasingly posterior somites are made, the severity of the defects increases. In Drosophila and vertebrates, Delta/Notch signaling is modulated by the glycosyltransferase activity encoded by the 2929 Development 129, 2929-2946 (2002) Printed in Great Britain © The Company of Biologists Limited 2002 DEV2854

Hairy/E(spl)-related (Her) genes are central components of the segmentation oscillator and display redundancy with the Delta/Notch signaling pathway in the formation of anterior segmental boundaries in the zebraﬁsh

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