Combat Stress in Pre-modern Europe
Combat Stress in Pre-modern Europe
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前现代欧洲的对抗压力
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-031-09947-2_9
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Pells I
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Pells I
在17世纪的英国内战中，妇女和儿童在双方的军队中都很常见，无论是在战斗能力还是在辅助角色中。此外，许多没有直接参加军队的妇女和儿童仍然是冲突事件的第一手目击者，他们是要塞的守卫者，或者是被驻军和被围困城镇的居民。在考虑战争的心理影响时，妇女和儿童的经历往往被忽视。然而，战争造成的痛苦对这些人的影响并不亚于对男性战斗人员的影响。本章将这些来源的证据放在一起，不试图确定潜在的精神创伤案例。相反，它将展示如何从内战的证据可能被用来详细阐述，并进一步理解，心理学家德里克萨默菲尔德的论点，“每一种文化都有自己的心理知识储备，分配给不利的经验，以及适应，斗争和寻求帮助的形式的归因范围”。虽然本章无意淡化妇女和儿童在内战中所经历的苦难和痛苦，但重点将贯穿始终，强调他们有时非凡的韧性。
During the seventeenth-century British Civil Wars, women and children were commonly found in the armies on both sides, both in a combat capacity and in supporting roles. Moreover, many women and children not directly involved in the armies were still first-hand witnesses to the events of the conflict, as the defenders of fortified strongholds or as inhabitants of garrisoned and besieged towns. When considering the psychological impact of warfare, the experiences of women and children have often been neglected. Yet the suffering caused by war impacted upon these individuals no less keenly than upon male combatants. Taking the evidence from these sources together, this chapter will make no attempt to identify cases of potential mental trauma. Instead, it will demonstrate how evidence from the Civil Wars may be used to elaborate upon, and further understand, the argument of psychologist Derek Summerfield that ‘every culture has its own reserves of psychological knowledge, range of attributions to assign to adverse experience, and forms of accommodation, struggle and help-seeking’. Whilst it is not the intention of this chapter to downplay the hardship and distress experienced by women and children in the Civil Wars, the emphasis throughout will be on their—at times—extraordinary resilience.