Carry-over of Fusarium toxins (deoxynivalenol and zearalenone) from naturally contaminated wheat to pigs
Carry-over of Fusarium toxins (deoxynivalenol and zearalenone) from naturally contaminated wheat to pigs
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DOI：
10.1080/02652030600988038
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发表时间：
2007-04-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Ueberschaer, Karl-Heinz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Goyarts, Tanja;Daenicke, Sven;Ueberschaer, Karl-Heinz
镰刀菌毒素脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）和玉米赤霉烯酮（ZON）对粮食的频繁污染是动物和人类营养中的一个重要问题。然而，关于人类通过食用接触镰刀菌毒素（残留）的动物组织而接触这些毒素的数据是不完整的。因此，从育肥试验中测定了猪（雌性和去势雄性）组织和体液中DON、ZON及其代谢产物的残留。给猪喂食对照（n = 6，每kg饲料0.24 mg DON和0.009 mg ZON）或镰刀菌毒素污染的饲料（n = 12，每kg饲料6.68 mg DON和0.056 mg ZON），自由采食或限制性消费12周。屠宰后（96.3 +/- 11.6 kg活重），在血清、胆汁、肝脏、肾脏、最长肌和背部脂肪中测定DON及其代谢产物de-epoxy-DON的浓度，而在血清、胆汁和肝脏中测定ZON及其代谢产物α-和β-玉米赤霉烯醇（α-/β-ZOL）。DON + de-epoxy-DON的平均残留因子，定义为组织/液体中两种物质的浓度除以饮食中DON的浓度，对于所有猪，胆汁减少（0.1046 +/- 0.0653）>>肾脏（0.0151 +/- 0.0070）>肝脏（0.0057 +/- 0.0043）>血清（0.0023 +/- 0.0018）>肌肉（0.0016 +/- 0.0016）>>背部脂肪（0.0002 +/- 0.0004）。饲喂结束和屠宰之间的时间间隔没有一致的影响DON+de-epoxy-DON浓度在分析标本的镰刀菌毒素暴露的猪喂养限制。未观察到ZON及其代谢物转移至猪血清中，而肝脏和胆汁中ZON + α-ZOL + β-ZOL的平均携带因子分别为0.0094 +/- 0.0123和4.0 +/- 2.2。因此，可以得出结论，血清是DON暴露的可靠指标，但不是推断ZON暴露的适当参数，ZON + α-ZOL + β-ZOL的胆汁浓度更好地代表了ZON暴露。然而，与直接食用谷物食品相比，食用接触镰刀菌毒素的动物的可食用组织对人类的接触风险可以忽略不计。
The frequent contamination of grain with the Fusarium toxins, deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZON), is an important issue in animal and human nutrition. However, data on the exposure of humans to these toxins through consumption of animal tissues exposed to Fusarium toxins (carry-over) are fragmentary. Therefore, residues of DON, ZON and their metabolites were determined in tissues and body fluids of pigs (female and castrated male) from a fattening trial. Pigs were fed a control (n = 6, 0.24 mg DON and 0.009 mg ZON per kg diet as fed) or a Fusarium toxin-contaminated diet (n = 12, 6.68 mg DON and 0.056 mg ZON per kg diet as fed) either ad libitum or for restrictive consumption for 12 weeks. After slaughter (96.3 +/- 11.6 kg live weight), the concentrations of DON and its metabolite, de-epoxy-DON, were measured in serum, bile, liver, kidney, musculus longissimus and back fat, while ZON and its metabolites, alpha- and beta-zearalenol (alpha-/beta-ZOL), were determined in serum, bile and liver. The mean carry-over factor of DON + de-epoxy-DON, defined as the concentration of both substances in the tissue/fluid divided by the DON concentration in the diet, for all pigs decreased from bile (0.1046 +/- 0.0653) >> kidney (0.0151 +/- 0.0070) > liver (0.0057 +/- 0.0043) > serum (0.0023 +/- 0.0018) > muscle (0.0016 +/- 0.0016) >> back fat (0.0002 +/- 0.0004). The time interval between the end of feeding and slaughter had no consistent effect on DON+de-epoxy-DON concentrations in the analysed specimen of Fusarium toxin-exposed pigs fed restrictively. No transfer of ZON and its metabolites could be observed into serum of pigs, while the mean carry-over factors of ZON + alpha-ZOL + beta-ZOL were 0.0094 +/- 0.0123 and 4.0 +/- 2.2 for liver and bile, respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that serum is a reliable indicator for DON exposure, but an inappropriate parameter to deduce ZON exposure, which is better represented by bile concentration of ZON + alpha-ZOL + beta-ZOL. However, the exposure risk to humans by consumption of edible tissues of animals exposed to Fusarium toxins is negligible compared to the direct consumption of grain-based food.