Spatial Co-Occurrence and Activity Patterns of Mesocarnivores in the Temperate Forests of Southwest China.
Spatial Co-Occurrence and Activity Patterns of Mesocarnivores in the Temperate Forests of Southwest China.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0164271
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Li S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bu H;Wang F;McShea WJ;Lu Z;Wang D;Li S
了解物种之间的相互作用及其共存机制将有助于解释生物多样性的维护，并使管理人员能够做出合理的保护决策。中型食肉动物是一种数量丰富、种类繁多的中型食肉动物，在许多生态系统中，当顶端捕食者被消灭后，它们会对生态系统的功能、结构和动态产生深远的影响。中国西南部的潮湿温带森林在没有顶端捕食者的情况下，拥有一个多样化的中肉食动物群落。同域物种倾向于沿着时间、饮食和空间分配有限的资源，以促进共存。我们确定了五种中肉食动物的空间和时间模式。我们使用了从2004-2015年收集的大型相机陷阱数据集的检测历史，从495个相机位置收集了23，313个相机日。五种中肉食动物包括果子狸、豹猫、猪獾、黄喉貂和西伯利亚鼬。只有果子狸和猪獾倾向于避免彼此;而对于其他物种，它们彼此独立地发生，或者没有观察到明确的模式。至于季节性活动，黄喉貂在冬季最活跃，与果子狸、豹猫和猪獾的模式相反。对于昼夜活动，果子狸，豹猫和猪獾主要是夜间和黄昏;黄喉貂是白天活动，西伯利亚黄鼠狼在一年的大部分时间（3月至11月）没有明确的模式，但在冬季（12月至2月）是夜间活动。西伯利亚鼬的季节性变化可能是由于冬季物种之间的食物重叠。研究结果为了解中国西南地区中肉食动物群落提供了新的事实和见解，并将有助于进一步研究复杂系统中动物物种共存的机制。
Understanding the interactions between species and their coexistence mechanisms will help explain biodiversity maintenance and enable managers to make sound conservation decisions. Mesocarnivores are abundant and diverse mid-sized carnivores and can have profound impacts on the function, structure and dynamics of ecosystem after the extirpation of apex predators in many ecosystems. The moist temperate forests of Southwest China harbor a diverse community of mesocarnivores in the absence of apex predators. Sympatric species tend to partition limited resources along time, diet and space to facilitate coexistence. We determined the spatial and temporal patterns for five species of mesocarnivores. We used detection histories from a large camera-trap dataset collected from 2004–2015 with an extensive effort of 23,313 camera-days from 495 camera locations. The five mesocarnivore species included masked palm civet Paguma larvata, leopard cat Prionailurus bengalensis, hog badger Arctonyx collaris, yellow-throated marten Martes flavigula, and Siberian weasel Mustela sibirica. Only the masked palm civet and hog badger tended to avoid each other; while for other pairs of species, they occurred independently of each other, or no clear pattern observed. With regard to seasonal activity, yellow-throated marten was most active in winter, opposite the pattern observed for masked palm civet, leopard cat and hog badger. For diel activity, masked palm civet, leopard cat and hog badger were primarily nocturnal and crepuscular; yellow-throated marten was diurnal, and Siberian weasel had no clear pattern for most of the year (March to November), but was nocturnal in the winter (December to February). The seasonal shift of the Siberian weasel may be due to the high diet overlap among species in winter. Our results provided new facts and insights into this unique community of mesocarnivores of southwest China, and will facilitate future studies on the mechanism determining coexistence of animal species within complex system.