Evolution of genetic redundancy

Evolution of genetic redundancy
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DOI:
10.1038/40618
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发表时间:
1997-07-10
期刊:
影响因子:
64.8
通讯作者:
Smith, JM
Smith, JM
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Nowak, MA;Boerlijst, MC;Smith, JM

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遗传冗余意味着两个或多个基因执行相同的功能,其中一个基因的失活对生物表型影响很小或没有影响。冗余似乎普遍存在于高等生物的基因组中(1-9)。明显冗余基因的例子来自发育生物学(10-15)、免疫学(16,17)、神经生物学(18,19)和细胞周期(20,21)的大量研究。然而,有一个问题:编码功能蛋白的基因必须承受选择压力,如果一个基因真的是多余的,那么它就不会受到保护,不能防止有害突变的积累。因此,一种普遍的观点是,这种冗余不可能在进化上是稳定的。在这里,我们开发了一个简单的遗传模型来分析作用于冗余基因的选择压力。我们提出了四种情况来解释为什么遗传冗余是常见的,在三种情况下,冗余甚至在进化上是稳定的。我们的理论为探索遗传组织的进化提供了一个框架。
Genetic redundancy means that two or more genes are performing the same function and that inactivation of one of these genes has little or no effect on the biological phenotype. Redundancy seems to be widespread in genomes of higher organisms(1-9). Examples of apparently redundant genes come from numerous studies of developmental biology(10-15), immunology(16,17), neurobiology(18,19) and the cell cycle(20,21). Yet there is a problem: genes encoding functional proteins must be under selection pressure, If a gene was truly redundant then it would not be protected against the accumulation of deleterious mutations. A widespread view is therefore that such redundancy cannot be evolutionarily stable. Here we develop a simple genetic model to analyse selection pressures acting on redundant genes. We present four cases that can explain why genetic redundancy is common, In three cases, redundancy is even evolutionarily stable. Our theory provides a framework for exploring the evolution of genetic organization.