Disruption of Saturn's ring particles by thermal stress

Disruption of Saturn's ring particles by thermal stress
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热应力破坏土星环粒子

DOI:
10.1016/j.icarus.2022.114919
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
影响因子:
3.2
通讯作者:
A. M. Nakamura
A. M. Nakamura
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
N. Hirata;R. Morishima;K. Ohtsuki;A. M. Nakamura

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宇宙飞船和地面观测显示,土星的主环缺乏大于10米的粒子。潮汐或卫星/彗星的碰撞破坏被认为是主环的起源;然而,由于水冰和岩石的高机械强度,土星的潮汐本身无法将千米大小的碎片磨成亚米大小的颗粒。问题来了,为什么这么大的粒子没有留在当前的环中。众所周知,由昼夜和季节温度变化引起的热应力会引起岩石的风化和破碎,并有助于月球和类地行星上的尘埃和风化层的产生,然后这种热应力可以破碎大于临界半径的颗粒,而不能小于临界半径。在这项研究中,我们研究了热应力对土星环颗粒的作用。我们发现热应力可以磨碎大于10 - 20米的多孔环颗粒,这解释了土星环中缺乏大于10米的颗粒。同样,热应力破碎也适用于天王星的ε环。此外,由日或季节温度变化引起的热应力作用于冰冻卫星和小行星表面的巨石可能在其大小的演变中起重要作用。我们的计算解释了冰卫星上缺乏巨石的原因,除了在地质活跃的地区,如土卫二的虎纹,那里的巨石是由最近的地质活动提供的。我们预测,未来的观测可以在木卫二地质活跃的裂缝周围发现许多巨石。
Spacecraft and ground-based observations show that the main rings of Saturn lack particles larger than 10 m. Tidal or collisional destruction of satellites/comets have been proposed as the origin of the main rings; however, Saturn's tide alone cannot grind km-sized fragments into submeter-sized particles because of the high mechanical strength of water ice and rock. The question arises as to why such large particles are not left in the current rings. It is known that thermal stress induced by diurnal and seasonal temperature variations can cause weathering and fragmentation of boulders and contribute to dust and regolith production on the Moon and terrestrial planets, and then such thermal stress can break particles larger than a critical radius while cannot smaller than the critical radius. In this study, we examined the role of thermal stress acting on Saturn's ring particles. We found that thermal stress can grind porous ring particles larger than 10–20 m, which explains the lack of particles larger than 10 m in Saturn's rings. Also, fragmentation by thermal stress can be adoptable for the ε rings of Uranus. Furthermore, thermal stress caused by diurnal or seasonal temperature variation acting on boulders on surfaces of icy satellites and asteroids may play an important role in the evolution of their sizes. Our calculations explain the lack of boulders on icy satellites, except in the geologically active provinces such as the tiger stripes of Enceladus, where boulders are supplied by recent geological activity. We predict that future observations can find numerous boulders around Europa's geologically active cracks.
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