Stability-Flexibility Dilemma in Cognitive Control: A Dynamical System Perspective
Stability-Flexibility Dilemma in Cognitive Control: A Dynamical System Perspective
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发表时间：
2019
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通讯作者：
Sebastian Musslick;Anastasia S. Bizyaeva;Shamay Agaron;Naomi Ehrich Leonard;J. Cohen
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作者：
Sebastian Musslick;Anastasia S. Bizyaeva;Shamay Agaron;Naomi Ehrich Leonard;J. Cohen
控制依赖处理的约束已经成为一般认知理论中的一个基本概念，这些理论根据对这些约束的理性适应来解释人类行为。然而，这些理论没有解释为什么这些限制首先会存在。最近的研究表明，对控制分配的限制促进了灵活的任务切换，代价是在面对分心时支持目标导向行为所需的稳定性。这里，我们在一个动态系统中表述这个问题，其中控制信号被表示为吸引子，并且控制分配的约束限制了这些吸引子的深度。我们导出了稳定性-灵活性权衡的形式表达式，表明控制分配的约束提高了认知灵活性，但损害了认知稳定性。最后，我们提供的证据表明，随着灵活性需求的增加，人类参与者适应了更高的控制分配约束，但参与者偏离了最优约束。
Constraints on control-dependent processing have become a fundamental concept in general theories of cognition that explain human behavior in terms of rational adaptations to these constraints. However, theories miss a rationale for why such constraints would exist in the first place. Recent work suggests that constraints on the allocation of control facilitate flexible task switching at the expense of the stability needed to support goal-directed behavior in face of distraction. Here, we formulate this problem in a dynamical system, in which control signals are represented as attractors and in which constraints on control allocation limit the depth of these attractors. We derive formal expressions of the stability-flexibility tradeoff, showing that constraints on control allocation improve cognitive flexibility but impair cognitive stability. Finally, we provide evidence that human participants adapt higher constraints on the allocation of control as the demand for flexibility increases but that participants deviate from optimal constraints.