Cancer epigenetics: new therapies and new challenges.
Cancer epigenetics: new therapies and new challenges.
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DOI：
10.1155/2013/529312
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Crook T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hatzimichael E;Crook T
癌症现在被认为是一种遗传和表观遗传疾病。在人类中研究最充分的表观遗传修饰是DNA甲基化;然而，越来越多的人认识到DNA甲基化并不单独起作用，而是与其他修饰（如组蛋白修饰）有关。表观遗传异常是可逆的，因此越来越多地探索通过逆转表观遗传效应起作用的新疗法。迄今为止，表观遗传修饰剂在肿瘤疾病中的最大临床影响是在血液恶性肿瘤中，并且DNMT抑制剂和HDAC抑制剂在血癌中的功效清楚地证明了癌细胞表观基因组的治疗性修饰可以产生临床益处的原理。本文将讨论研究最充分的表观遗传修饰以及这些修饰如何与癌症联系在一起，将简要概述表观遗传学作为生物标志物的临床应用，并将更详细地关注表观遗传药物及其在实体癌和血癌中的应用。
Cancer is nowadays considered to be both a genetic and an epigenetic disease. The most well studied epigenetic modification in humans is DNA methylation; however it becomes increasingly acknowledged that DNA methylation does not work alone, but rather is linked to other modifications, such as histone modifications. Epigenetic abnormalities are reversible and as a result novel therapies that work by reversing epigenetic effects are being increasingly explored. The biggest clinical impact of epigenetic modifying agents in neoplastic disorders thus far has been in haematological malignancies, and the efficacy of DNMT inhibitors and HDAC inhibitors in blood cancers clearly attests to the principle that therapeutic modification of the cancer cell epigenome can produce clinical benefit. This paper will discuss the most well studied epigenetic modifications and how these are linked to cancer, will give a brief overview of the clinical use of epigenetics as biomarkers, and will focus in more detail on epigenetic drugs and their use in solid and blood cancers.