Farm-scale evaluation of the impacts of transgenic cotton on biodiversity, pesticide use, and yield
Farm-scale evaluation of the impacts of transgenic cotton on biodiversity, pesticide use, and yield
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0508312103
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发表时间：
2006-05-16
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Carriere, Yves
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cattaneo, Manda G.;Yafuso, Christine;Carriere, Yves
为了减轻农业集约化的影响，需要提高产量并减少农药的影响。对亚利桑那州 81 个商业田进行的为期 2 年的农场规模评估表明，使用转基因苏云金芽孢杆菌 (Et) 棉花减少了杀虫剂的使用，而具有 Bt 蛋白和除草剂抗性 (BtHr) 的转基因棉花则不影响除草剂的使用。对于任何给定数量的杀虫剂施用，转基因棉花比非转基因棉花具有更高的产量。然而，非转基因、Bt 和 BtHr 棉花总体产量相似，主要是因为非转基因棉花使用更多杀虫剂改善了对关键害虫的控制。与 Bt 和 BtHr 棉花不同，杀虫剂减少了非目标昆虫的多样性。其他一些农艺和生态因素也影响生物多样性。然而，棉田中非目标昆虫的多样性与邻近非耕地的多样性的成对比较揭示了转基因和非转基因棉花种植对生物多样性的相似影响。结果表明，当用窄谱 Bt 作物替代广谱杀虫剂并不会减少对未受 Bt 作物影响的害虫的控制时，可以减少农业集约化的影响。
Higher yields and reduced pesticide impacts are needed to mitigate the effects of agricultural intensification. A 2-year farm-scale evaluation of 81 commercial fields in Arizona show that use of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Et) cotton reduced insecticide use, whereas transgenic cotton with Bt protein and herbicide resistance (BtHr) did not affect herbicide use. Transgenic cotton had higher yield than nontransgenic cotton for any given number of insecticide applications. However, nontransgenic, Bt and BtHr cotton had similar yields overall, largely because higher insecticide use with nontransgenic cotton improved control of key pests. Unlike Bt and BtHr cotton, insecticides reduced the diversity of nontarget insects. Several other agronomic and ecological factors also affected biodiversity. Nevertheless, pairwise comparisons of diversity of nontarget insects in cotton fields with diversity in adjacent noncultivated sites revealed similar effects of cultivation of transgenic and nontransgenic cotton on biodiversity. The results indicate that impacts of agricultural intensification can be reduced when replacement of broad-spectrum insecticides by narrow-spectrum Bt crops does not reduce control of pests not affected by Bt crops.