Five Recommendations to Improve Tropical Silviculture
Five Recommendations to Improve Tropical Silviculture
复制标题
改善热带造林的五项建议
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-642-19986-8_34
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
R. Mosandl
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Günter;M. Weber;B. Stimm;R. Mosandl
生态、技术和社会经济方面是可持续森林管理的主要支柱。根据本书作者的建议，并根据这些支柱和可持续森林管理的主要专题要素，我们确定了改善热带地区造林的五个行动领域。对木材和其他森林产品的需求日益增加。由于森林扩张与土地利用的其他目标之间存在着激烈的竞争，以提高单位面积产量为目标的集约化（1）是克服这一主要问题的一种有希望的方法，例如，通过短期轮作林业、驯化、场地改良和其他措施。多样化（2）作为补充战略，旨在提供更多的产品和服务，减少风险，促进景观层面的可持续管理。因此，管理的时间和空间尺度（3）必须适应个人土地所有者的需要（通常是木材）和社会的集体需要（保护、水、生物多样性等）。更好地匹配业务单位和生态空间尺度（例如，植物-立地匹配）是提高造林措施效率的重要先决条件。可持续森林管理在很大程度上取决于所有有关利益方的接受。科学界和实践界普遍认为，参与式方法（4）可以大大促进这方面的可持续性。然而，在全球范围内，参与性办法仍处于发展阶段。最后，我们说明了如何造林和森林管理（5），包括所有提到的方面的整合可以克服常用的木材开采方法，并导致适应性生态系统管理方面的现代造林方法。
Ecological, technological, and socioeconomic aspects are the main pillars for sustainable forest management (SFM). Based on the suggestions of the authors of this book, and in accordance with these pillars and the main thematic elements of SFM, we identified five fields of actions to improve silviculture in the tropics. There is an increasing demand on timber and other forest products. As forest expansion is in strong competition with other aims of land use, intensification (1) aiming at higher output per area is a promising approach for overcoming this major problem, for example, by short-term rotation forestry, domestication, site improvement, and other measures. Diversification (2) as complementary strategy aims at providing additional products and services, reducing risks and contributing to sustainable management at the landscape level. Therefore, temporal and spatial scales for management (3) have to be adapted to both, needs of individual land owner (usually timber) and to collective needs of societies (protection, water, biodiversity, etc.). Better matching of operational units and ecological spatial scales (e.g., plant–site matching) is an important prerequisite for improving efficiency of silvicultural measures. SFM depends strongly on acceptance of all stakeholders involved. It is a common agreement in science and practice that participatory approaches (4) can contribute significantly to sustainability in this context. However, on the global scale participatory approaches are still in the stage of development. Finally, we illustrate how integration of silviculture and forest management (5) including all mentioned aspects can overcome frequently applied timber mining methods, and leads to a modern approach of silviculture in terms of adaptive ecosystem management.