The evolution of the platyrrhine talus: A comparative analysis of the phenetic affinities of the Miocene platyrrhines with their modern relatives.
The evolution of the platyrrhine talus: A comparative analysis of the phenetic affinities of the Miocene platyrrhines with their modern relatives.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.07.015
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发表时间：
2017-10
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Sellers WI
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Püschel TA;Gladman JT;Bobe R;Sellers WI
扁鼻类是一种多样的灵长类动物，目前在美洲的热带-赤道环境中占据了广泛的范围。然而，大多数中新世早期的宽鼻类化石都是在中高纬度地区发现的。虽然新世界猴的化石记录在过去几年中有了很大的改进，但仍然很难追踪主要现代分支的起源。早期阔鼻龙最常见的保存解剖结构之一是距骨。这项工作提供了一个分析的表型亲缘关系的现存platyrrhine tali和他们的中新世同行通过几何形态测量和一系列的系统发育比较分析。几何形态测量学被用来量化距骨形状的亲和力，而运动模式百分比（LMP）被用来测试，如果距骨形状与运动。比较分析被用来测试，如果有趋同的距骨形态，以及不同的模式，可以解释距骨的形状和大小的演变在阔鼻。化石样本的体重预测也使用可用的关节面计算。结果表明，大多数分析的化石表现出广义的形态，类似于一些“通才”的现代物种。结果发现，距骨形状与LMPs协变，从而允许从距骨形态推断运动。结果进一步表明，距骨形状多样化可以解释调用模型的适应峰的三个最优值代表一个系统发育假说，其中每个阔鼻科占据了一个单独的适应峰的转变。分析表明，阔鼻距骨质心大小多样化的特点是一个多维生态位模型相关的早期分化。最后，祖先的阔鼻条件被重建为一个中等大小，广义，树栖，四足动物。
Platyrrhines are a diverse group of primates that presently occupy a broad range of tropical-equatorial environments in the Americas. However, most of the fossil platyrrhine species of the early Miocene have been found at middle and high latitudes. Although the fossil record of New World monkeys has improved considerably over the past several years, it is still difficult to trace the origin of major modern clades. One of the most commonly preserved anatomical structures of early platyrrhines is the talus. This work provides an analysis of the phenetic affinities of extant platyrrhine tali and their Miocene counterparts through geometric morphometrics and a series of phylogenetic comparative analyses. Geometric morphometrics was used to quantify talar shape affinities, while locomotor mode percentages (LMPs) were used to test if talar shape is associated with locomotion. Comparative analyses were used to test if there was convergence in talar morphology, as well as different models that could explain the evolution of talar shape and size in platyrrhines. Body mass predictions for the fossil sample were also computed using the available articular surfaces. The results showed that most analyzed fossils exhibit a generalized morphology that is similar to some ‘generalist’ modern species. It was found that talar shape covaries with LMPs, thus allowing the inference of locomotion from talar morphology. The results further suggest that talar shape diversification can be explained by invoking a model of shifts in adaptive peak to three optima representing a phylogenetic hypothesis in which each platyrrhine family occupied a separate adaptive peak. The analyses indicate that platyrrhine talar centroid size diversification was characterized by an early differentiation related to a multidimensional niche model. Finally, the ancestral platyrrhine condition was reconstructed as a medium-sized, generalized, arboreal, quadruped.
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