Histopathologic biomarkers in three spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus, from several rivers in Southern England that meet the freshwater fisheries directive
Histopathologic biomarkers in three spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus, from several rivers in Southern England that meet the freshwater fisheries directive
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DOI：
10.1023/a:1021061402491
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发表时间：
2002-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Russell, PM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Handy, RD;Runnalls, T;Russell, PM
这项研究表明，通过记录病变的鳃，肝和脾的组织病理学生物标志物的实用性和敏感性在三个棘刺鱼（Gasterosteus aculeatus）从几条河流在英格兰南部，广泛遵守水质指令，以保护鱼类健康。主要研究地点是Wantage附近的Letcombe Brook系统，环境局使用河流生态系统（RE）等级系统将其评级为1（良好）至3（一般）。在德文郡，也选择了Erme、Clyst、Exe和Plym河上等级相似的地点。正常条件系数（0.9 +/- 0.02，平均值+/- S.E.，n = 90）、胃中食物的存在和全身离子组成（Na、K、Mg、Ca、Cu、Zn）表明鱼总体上是健康的。所有的鱼表现出一些轻微的鳃和肝脏病变的发病率，即使在最好的（RE 1级）河流水质。由于寄生虫负荷等生物因素，对鳃次级层片显示病变的百分比进行评分并不能反映水质。而次级纹板的肥满度（长/宽）在低等级河流中增加。肝脏脂肪变化和局灶性坏死与河流质量等级有关，RE 1和RE 2级河流中脂肪变化分别占肝脏总面积的0.8%至12%。脾脏大体解剖显示正常的红色和白色髓，血窦间隙在组织面积的11%和34%之间变化，但与河流等级无关。总体而言，我们得出结论，组织病理学病变存在于鱼，即使水质符合淡水渔业指令。因此，该指令只能部分保护鱼类健康。成年三刺鱼肝脏脂肪变化或次级片层肥胖的发生率被认为是简单但敏感的组织病理学生物标志物，可用于保护淡水鱼，作为水质指令的一种新的替代方法。我们提出了三个棘鱼的组织病理学生物标志物的常规监测鱼类健康在欧盟淡水。
This study demonstrates the utility and sensitivity of histopathologic biomarkers by recording lesions to the gill, liver and spleen in three spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from several rivers in Southern England which broadly comply with the water quality directives to protect fish health. The main study site was the Letcombe Brook system near Wantage, graded 1 (good) to 3 (fair) by the Environment Agency, using the River Ecosystem (RE) Class system. Sites with similar grades on the rivers Erme, Clyst, Exe and Plym were also selected in Devon. A normal condition factor (0.9 +/- 0.02, mean +/- S.E., n = 90), the presence of food in the stomach, and the whole body ionic composition (Na, K, Mg, Ca, Cu, Zn) suggested that fish were generally healthy. All fish showed some minor incidence of gill and liver lesions, even in the best (grade RE1) river water quality. Scoring the percentage of branchial secondary lamellae showing lesions did not reflect water quality because of biotic factors such as parasite load. However, fatness of secondary lamellae (length/width) increased in lower class rivers. Hepatic fatty change and focal necrosis was related to river quality grades with fatty change increasing from 0.8% to 12% of total liver area in grade RE1 and RE2 rivers, respectively. The gross anatomy of the spleen showed normal red and white pulp, and sinusoid space varied between 11% and 34% of the tissue area, but was not correlated with river grade. Overall, we conclude that histopathologic lesions are present in fish even when water quality meets the Freshwater Fisheries Directive. The Directive therefore only partly protects fish health. The incidence of fatty change in the liver, or fatness of secondary lamellae, in adult three spined sticklebacks are suggested as simple but sensitive histopathologic biomarkers which may be used to protect freshwater fishes as a novel alternative approach to water quality based Directives. We propose histopathologic biomarkers of the three spined stickleback for routine monitoring of fish heath in EU freshwaters.