Adapting California's water management to climate change
Adapting California's water management to climate change
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DOI：
10.1007/s10584-011-0241-3
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发表时间：
2012-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Lund, Jay R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hanak, Ellen;Lund, Jay R.
加州面临着来自气候变化的重大水资源管理挑战，影响供水，水生生态系统和洪水风险。幸运的是，国家还拥有适应工具和机构能力，可以限制对不断变化的条件的脆弱性。供水管理人员已经开始使用地下储存，水转移，保护，回收和海水淡化来满足不断变化的需求。这些同样的工具是应对各种气候变化的有希望的选择。同样，洪水管理的许多斯台普斯包括水库运行、堤坝、旁路、保险和土地使用管理都可以用来应对洪水增加的挑战。然而，还需要采取行动来提高应对能力。对于供水，一个核心问题是萨克拉门托-圣华金三角洲的管理，需要新的运输，栖息地投资和法规来维持供水和保护濒危鱼类。对于洪水管理，在气候变化的水资源管理方面，需要进行的改革包括前瞻性的水库运营规划和洪泛区测绘，减少对筹集地方资金的限制性规定，以及改善洪水风险的公共信息。对于水质，当务之急是更好的科学。尽管地方机构是核心角色，但适应需要意志坚强的国家领导层来塑造能够应对变化的机构、激励措施和法规。联邦的合作往往是必不可少的。
California faces significant water management challenges from climate change, affecting water supply, aquatic ecosystems, and flood risks. Fortunately, the state also possesses adaptation tools and institutional capabilities that can limit vulnerability to changing conditions. Water supply managers have begun using underground storage, water transfers, conservation, recycling, and desalination to meet changing demands. These same tools are promising options for responding to a wide range of climate changes. Likewise, many staples of flood management-including reservoir operations, levees, bypasses, insurance, and land-use regulation-are available for the challenges of increased floods. Yet actions are also needed to improve response capacity. For water supply, a central issue is the management of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, where new conveyance, habitat investments, and regulations are needed to sustain water supplies and protect endangered fish species. For flood management, among the least-examined aspects of water management with climate change, needed reforms include forward-looking reservoir operation planning and floodplain mapping, less restrictive rules for raising local funds, and improved public information on flood risks. For water quality, an urgent priority is better science. Although local agencies are central players, adaptation will require strong-willed state leadership to shape institutions, incentives, and regulations capable of responding to change. Federal cooperation often will be essential.