Machine learning-based rapid response tools for regional air pollution modelling

Machine learning-based rapid response tools for regional air pollution modelling
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基于机器学习的区域空气污染建模快速响应工具

DOI:
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.11.051
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发表时间:
2019-02
影响因子:
5
通讯作者:
F Fang J Zheng CC Pain IM Navon
F Fang J Zheng CC Pain IM Navon
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
D Xiao;F Fang J Zheng CC Pain IM Navon

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首次开发了基于适当正交分解(POD)和机器学习方法的参数化非侵入降阶模型(P-NIROM),用于污染物传输方程的模型简化。我们的动机是提供快速响应的城市空气污染预测和控制。 P-NIROM 中的不同参数是污染物源。训练数据集是从参数空间 R P 上选定参数(此处为污染物源)的高保真建模解(称为快照)获得的。根据这些训练数据集,机器学习方法用于生成 R P 上的简化解和输入(污染物源)之间的关系。此外,构造了一组与每个 POD 基函数相关的超曲面函数,用于表示简化空间上的流体动力学。 P-NIROM 的准确性高度依赖于训练集的质量,这里是从高保真模型获得的。与现有的机器学习方法相比,这里提出的P-NIROM算法具有以下优点:(1)它与NIROM结合,从而提供快速且相当准确的解决方案; (2) 当模型参数/输入变化时,它是一种稳健且有效的方法来表示任何参数化偏微分方程。在本研究中,我们演示了如何实现污染物传输方程的 P-NIROM(但不限于其鲁棒性)。它的预测能力通过对中国大片地区发电厂羽流的三维 (3-D) 模拟得到体现,其中不同的参数是三个地点的排放强度。结果表明,与高保真模型相比,CPU 成本降低了五个数量级,同时保持了合理的精度。
A parameterised non-intrusive reduced order model (P-NIROM) based on proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and machine learning methods has been firstly developed for model reduction of pollutant transport equations. Our motivation is to provide rapid response urban air pollution predictions and controls. The varying parameters in the P-NIROM are pollutant sources. The training data sets are obtained from the high fidelity modelling solutions (called snapshots) for selected parameters (pollutant sources, here) over the parameter space R P. From these training data sets, the machine learning method is used to generate the relationship between the reduced solutions and inputs (pollutant sources) over R P. Furthermore a set of hyper-surface functions associated with each POD basis function is constructed for representing the fluid dynamics over the reduced space. The accuracy of the P-NIROM is highly dependent on the quality of the training set, here obtained from the high fidelity model. Over existing machine learning methods, the P-NIROM algorithm proposed here has the advantages that (1) it is combined with NIROM, thus providing rapid and reasonably accurate solutions; and (2) it is a robust and efficient approach for representation of any parametrised partial differential equations as the model parameters/inputs vary. In this study, we demonstrate the way how to implement the P-NIROM for the pollutant transport equation (but not limited to due to its robustness). Its predictive capability is illustrated in a three-dimensional (3-D) simulation of power plant plumes over a large region in China, where the varying parameters are the emission intensity at three locations. Results indicate that in comparison to the high fidelity model, the CPU cost is reduced by factor up to five orders of magnitude while reasonable accuracy remains.
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