Risk of indoor airborne infection transmission estimated from carbon dioxide concentration
Risk of indoor airborne infection transmission estimated from carbon dioxide concentration
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DOI：
10.1034/j.1600-0668.2003.00189.x
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发表时间：
2003-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Milton, DK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rudnick, SN;Milton, DK
Wells-Riley方程用于模拟肺结核等传染病在室内通过空气传播的风险，但它有时存在问题，因为它假设条件是稳定的，需要测量室外空气供应率，而室外空气供应率往往难以测量，而且经常随时间变化。我们推导了一个替代方程，通过确定建筑物中某人先前呼出的吸入空气的比例（再呼吸比例），以二氧化碳浓度作为呼出暴露的标志，从而避免了这些问题。我们还推导了Wells-Riley方程的非稳态版本，该方程在通风不良的环境中特别有用，当室外送风率可以假设为恒定时。最后，我们推导了建筑物中每个原发性病例感染的继发性病例的平均人数与呼出气体暴露之间的关系，并证明可能存在可实现的室内空气再呼吸的临界分数，低于该分数将不会发生常见呼吸道感染和流感的空气传播。
The Wells-Riley equation, which is used to model the risk of indoor airborne transmission of infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, is sometimes problematic because it assumes steady-state conditions and requires measurement of outdoor air supply rates, which are frequently difficult to measure and often vary with time. We derive an alternative equation that avoids these problems by determining the fraction of inhaled air that has been exhaled previously by someone in the building (rebreathed fraction) using CO2 concentration as a marker for exhaled-breath exposure. We also derive a non-steady-state version of the Wells-Riley equation which is especially useful in poorly ventilated environments when outdoor air supply rates can be assumed constant. Finally, we derive the relationship between the average number of secondary cases infected by each primary case in a building and exposure to exhaled breath and demonstrate that there is likely to be an achievable critical rebreathed fraction of indoor air below which airborne propagation of common respiratory infections and influenza will not occur.