Optimization of wind plant layouts using an adjoint approach
Optimization of wind plant layouts using an adjoint approach
复制标题
使用伴随方法优化风电场布局
DOI：
10.5194/wes-2-115-2017
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
P. Hamlington
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. King;K. Dykes;P. Graf;P. Hamlington
抽象的。使用伴随优化和三维稳态雷诺平均纳维-斯托克斯（RANS）模拟，我们提出了一种新的基于梯度的方法，用于在公用事业规模风力发电厂内优化风力涡轮机的选址。通过求解流动模型的伴随方程，可以以独立于控制变量数量的成本找到优化所需的梯度，从而允许对具有许多涡轮机位置的大型风力发电厂进行优化。此外，与将规定的尾流缺陷叠加到线性流模型上的常见方法相比，伴随方法的计算效率允许使用更高保真度的 RANS 流模型，该模型可以捕获风力发电厂内的非线性湍流物理场。稳态 RANS 流模型在 Python 有限元包 FEniCS 中实现，离散伴随方程的推导和求解在 dolfin 伴随框架内自动进行。针对理想化测试案例演示了基于梯度的风力涡轮机位置优化，揭示了新的优化启发式方法，例如旋转对称、局部加速和非线性尾流曲率效应。布局优化还在更复杂的风玫瑰形状上进行了演示，包括超过 36 个流入方向和 5 个风速箱的完整年度能源生产 (AEP) 布局优化。
Abstract. Using adjoint optimization and three-dimensional steady-state Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) simulations, we present a new gradient-based approach for optimally siting wind turbines within utility-scale wind plants. By solving the adjoint equations of the flow model, the gradients needed for optimization are found at a cost that is independent of the number of control variables, thereby permitting optimization of large wind plants with many turbine locations. Moreover, compared to the common approach of superimposing prescribed wake deficits onto linearized flow models, the computational efficiency of the adjoint approach allows the use of higher-fidelity RANS flow models which can capture nonlinear turbulent flow physics within a wind plant. The steady-state RANS flow model is implemented in the Python finite-element package FEniCS and the derivation and solution of the discrete adjoint equations are automated within the dolfin-adjoint framework. Gradient-based optimization of wind turbine locations is demonstrated for idealized test cases that reveal new optimization heuristics such as rotational symmetry, local speedups, and nonlinear wake curvature effects. Layout optimization is also demonstrated on more complex wind rose shapes, including a full annual energy production (AEP) layout optimization over 36 inflow directions and 5 wind speed bins.