Time-Energy Budgets During Reproduction and the Evolution of Single Parenting in the Superb Lyrebird
Time-Energy Budgets During Reproduction and the Evolution of Single Parenting in the Superb Lyrebird
复制标题
优秀琴鸟繁殖过程中的时间-能量预算和单亲进化
DOI：
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发表时间：
1986
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Lill
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Lill
估计支出的育雏护理的无人协助的女性高超琴鸟，通过时间-能量预算，与其他鸟类的公布值进行了比较。除了筑巢，估计每天的支出相对较低，主要是由于育雏规模小，父母的注意力水平低。有人建议，减少日常育雏护理支出的特点，特别是小育雏的大小和极慢的增长速度，可能已经演变为适应，使被遗弃的女性接近最大的能力，以科普单亲。雄性父母的参与可能会增加年轻人的生长速度，但不是育雏大小;此外，产卵是足够的异步提供多个交配机会，父母解放男性。然而，年轻的增长速度缓慢的结果在相对较大的整体育雏护理支出的女性。男性的投资高达50%的白天和45%的BMR在交配季节的高峰唱歌与部分解放，一夫多妻制男性的其他物种。它们可能反映了控制好的展示区域和向分布广泛的女性宣传地位和质量的高水平竞争。
Estimated expenditures on brood-care by unassisted female superb lyrebirds, obtained through time-energy budgeting, were compared with published values for other bird species. With the exception of nestbuilding, estimated daily expenditures were relatively low, due mainly to the small brood size and low level of parental attentiveness. It is suggested that the traits which reduce daily brood-care expenditures, particularly the small brood size and extremely slow growth rate, may have evolved as adaptations which enabled deserted females operating close to maximal capacity to cope with single-parenting. Male parental involvement could probably increase the growth rate of the young, but not brood size; moreover, egg- laying was sufficiently asynchronous to afford multiple mating opportunities to parentally emancipated males. However, the slow growth rate of the young results in relatively large overall brood-care expenditures for females. Investments by males of up to 50% of daylight hours and 45% of BMR on singing at the height of the mating season were comparable with those of partially emancipated, polygynous males of other species. They probably reflect the high level of competition to control good display areas and to advertise status and quality to widely spaced females.