Rural young people's opportunities for employment and entrepreneurship in globalised southern Africa: The limitations of targeting policies
Rural young people's opportunities for employment and entrepreneurship in globalised southern Africa: The limitations of targeting policies
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DOI：
10.3828/idpr.2013.11
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
F. Hajdu;N. Ansell;E. Robson;L. V. Blerk
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
F. Hajdu;N. Ansell;E. Robson;L. V. Blerk
本文件是根据对马拉维和莱索托农村青年的一项研究编写的，重点是他们在农村贫困状况所造成的各种限制面前获得（自营）就业的可能性。在两个农村进行的示范性小组练习和个人访谈提供了关于年轻人从事的工作/企业的个人故事，以及以前的经验和未来的计划。对个人和结构层面的制约因素和有利因素进行了分析。旨在满足青年人需要的政策往往以最脆弱者为目标，往往是根据个人和家庭的特点（如妇女、孤儿、受艾滋病影响的家庭）。我们认为，这a）忽略了在国家和全球层面上运作的结构性因素，B）未能认识到，因素相互作用，产生脆弱性，而不是植根于单独的特点。我们表明，一个交叉的方法，从女权主义研究，是一个有用的理论透镜，结合生计的角度有助于照亮农村年轻人的需求。在高度贫困和多重脆弱性的情况下，我们认为，试图决定“谁最有能力”可能是昂贵和无效的，相反，资源可以更有效地用于改善条件，使所有农村青年受益。
This paper is based on a study with rural young people in Malawi and Lesotho, focusing on their possibilities to access (self) employment in the face of the various constraints imposed by their poor rural situation. Participatory group exercises combined with individual interviews in two rural villages provided personal stories about jobs/businesses that the young people were engaged in, as well as previous experiences and future plans. Constraints as well as enabling factors working at individual and structural levels were analysed. Policies intended to address the needs of young people tend to seek to target the most vulnerable, often on the basis of individual and household level characteristics (e.g. women, orphans, AIDS-affected households). We argue that this a) neglects the structural factors operating at national and global levels and b) fails to recognise that factors interact to produce vulnerability rather than this being rooted in separate characteristics. We demonstrate that an intersectional approach, drawn from feminist studies, is a useful theoretical lens, which in combination with a livelihoods perspective helps illuminate the needs of rural young people. In situations characterized by high levels of poverty and multiple vulnerabilities, we argue that it can be costly and ineffective to try to decide ‘who is most vulnerable’, rather, resources can be more effectively spent in trying to improve conditions that will benefit all rural young people.