How much is known about glassy materials in Bronze and Iron Age Italy? New data and general overview
How much is known about glassy materials in Bronze and Iron Age Italy? New data and general overview
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DOI：
10.1007/s12520-018-0634-6
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发表时间：
2019-05-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Arletti, Rossella
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Conte, Sonia;Matarese, Ilaria;Arletti, Rossella
由于迄今为止缺乏考古测量数据，对意大利南部史前时期玻璃贸易的了解受到限制，无法与著名的北方意大利背景进行比较。目前工作的目的是帮助填补南方青铜时代-铁器时代玻璃制品的数据空白，并使史前意大利玻璃供应路线的总体概述。本文介绍了来自意大利南部11个遗址的61件玻璃制品的物理化学数据，这些玻璃制品的年代从青铜时代开始到公元前22-前世纪，以确保进行完整的历时分析。SEM-EDS、EMPA、LA-ICPMS和XRD分析允许定义所采用的原材料和制造技术，以及确定项目来源。样品集显示出玻璃化学类型的巨大变化，包括植物灰玻璃，混合碱和泡碱样品。一个复杂的画面出现，主要是关于不同的泡碱玻璃类型（高锆，低锆，黑色等）。以及他们在公元前一千年早期的快速技术发展。考虑到在这项研究中报告的数据和那些在文献中提供的北方和意大利南部的青铜器和铁器时代的项目，这项工作表明存在不同的贸易路线的第一次。这在青铜时代早期和中期尤其如此，北方意大利与中欧进行贸易，而南方已经参与了地中海贸易。
Knowledge of glass trading in protohistoric Southern Italy has been limited by a lack of archeometrical data available to date, preventing comparison with the well-known Northern Italian context. The aim of the present work is to help fill the data gap for Southern Bronze-Iron Age vitreous items and enable a general overview of protohistoric Italian glass supply routes. The paper presents physical-chemical data for 61 vitreous items from 11 Southern Italian sites, dated from the beginning of the Bronze Age up to the Archaic period (22nd-6th century BC), ensuring a complete diachronic analysis. SEM-EDS, EMPA, LA-ICPMS, and XRD analyses permitted definition of the raw materials and manufacturing techniques employed, as well as determination of item provenance. The sample set exhibits great variability of glass chemical types, including plant ash glass, mixed alkali, and natron samples. A complex picture emerges, mostly as regards the different natron glass typologies (High-Zr, Low-Zr, Black, etc.) and their rapid technological evolution in the early 1st millennium BC. Taking into account the data reported in this study and those available in literature for both Northern and Southern Italian Bronze-Iron Ages items, this work demonstrates the existence of different trade routes for the first time. This is especially true for the Early/Middle Bronze Age periods, with Northern Italy involved in trade with Central Europe, and South already involved in Mediterranean trade circuits.