Epidemiology of cutaneous melanoma in Germany and worldwide
Epidemiology of cutaneous melanoma in Germany and worldwide
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DOI：
10.1159/000056358
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发表时间：
2001-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Blum, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Garbe, C;Blum, A
在过去的三十年中，观察到皮肤黑色素瘤的发病率上升。德国的萨尔兰癌症登记处在20世纪70年代初报告了3例，在20世纪90年代报告了9例/100 000居民和年。20世纪90年代德国的其他发病率研究甚至报告了每10万居民每年10-12例，这更可能是德国西部的代表性黑色素瘤发病率。在世界范围内的比较中，这是一个中等的发病率，相比之下，美国（10-20例/100，000居民和年）和澳大利亚（40-60例/100，000居民和年）的发病率明显更高。在欧洲，斯堪的纳维亚报告的发病率最高（每年每10万居民约15例），地中海国家最低（每年每10万居民约5-7例）。德国1970年至1995年期间的死亡率也有所增加，男性从每10万居民每年1.7例增至3.2例，女性从1.6例增至2.0例。1990年代，在德国和许多其他国家，死亡率趋于稳定。从1983年到2000年9月，德语国家的恶性黑色素瘤中央登记处记录了48，928例黑色素瘤患者，皮肤黑色素瘤的临床流行病学分析基于此数据材料。虽然20世纪70年代德国所有黑色素瘤患者中有2/3为女性，但现在性别分布更加平衡，超过45%的患者为男性。在过去三十年中，年龄分布没有显著变化。大多数黑色素瘤在50至60岁之间的年龄组中被诊断出来，所有黑色素瘤中有22%在40岁之前被诊断出来。从20世纪80年代初到20世纪90年代中期，发现Breslow肿瘤厚度明显减少，中位厚度从1.3 mm降至0.8 mm。首次诊断皮肤黑色素瘤时Breslow肿瘤厚度较低，仅在澳大利亚有报道。这一进展表明皮肤黑色素瘤的早期识别得到了改善，这是目前预后更好的主要因素。版权所有（C）2001 S. Karger AG，巴塞尔。
Rising incidence rates of cutaneous melanoma have been observed during the last three decades. At the beginning of the 1970s 3 cases and in the 1990s 9 cases per 100,000 inhabitants and year were reported by the Saarland Cancer Registry in Germany. Other incidence studies from Germany in the 1990s even reported 10-12 cases per 100,000 inhabitants and year, which is more likely to be the representative melanoma incidence in Western Germany. In a worldwide comparison this is a medium incidence rate as compared to clearly higher incidence rates in the United States (10-20 cases per 100,000 inhabitants and year) and in Australia (40-60 cases per 100,000 inhabitants and year). In Europe the highest incidence rates have been reported from Scandinavia (about 15 cases per 100,000 inhabitants and year) and the lowest from the Mediterranean countries (about 5-7 cases per 100,000 inhabitants and year). Mortality rates likewise increased in Germany between 1970 and 1995 in males from 1.7 to 3.2 cases and in females from 1.6 to 2.0 cases per 100,000 inhabitants and year. In the 1990s, in Germany and in many other countries a leveling off of mortality rates was observed. 48,928 melanoma patients have been recorded by the Central Malignant Melanoma Registry from the German-speaking countries in the time period from 1983 to September 2000, and clinico-epidemiological analysis of cutaneous melanoma is based on this data material. While 2/3 of all melanoma patients in Germany were females in the 1970s, there is now a more balanced gender distribution with more than 45% of patients being males. Age distribution does not significantly change during the last three decades. Most melanomas are diagnosed in the age group between 50 and 60 years, 22% of all melanomas are diagnosed before the 40th year of age. A clear decrease of Breslow's tumor thickness was found from the beginning of the 1980s to the mid-1990s with the median thickness decreasing from 1.3 to 0.8 mm. Lower Breslow's tumor thickness at first diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma has only been reported from Australia. This development indicates improved early recognition of cutaneous melanoma which is presently the main factor for a more favorable prognosis. Copyright (C) 2001 S. Karger AG, Basel.