Role of the Crosstalk between Autophagy and Apoptosis in Cancer.
Role of the Crosstalk between Autophagy and Apoptosis in Cancer.
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DOI：
10.1155/2013/102735
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Sinha S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Su M;Mei Y;Sinha S
自噬和凋亡是生物体内平衡所必需的分解代谢途径。自噬通常是一种细胞存活途径，涉及废弃、受损或有害的大分子组装体的降解和回收;然而，过量的自噬与II型细胞死亡有关。细胞凋亡是典型的程序性细胞死亡途径。自噬和细胞凋亡现在已经被证明是相互联系的几个分子节点的串扰，使协调调节这些途径的降解。通常，自噬和凋亡都是肿瘤抑制途径。自噬实现了这一作用，因为它促进致癌分子的降解，防止癌症的发展，而细胞凋亡防止癌细胞的存活。因此，自噬或凋亡水平的缺陷或不足可能导致癌症。然而，自噬似乎在癌症中具有双重作用，因为现在已经证明自噬也促进肿瘤细胞在缺氧或低营养环境等应激条件下的存活。在这里，我们回顾了自噬和细胞凋亡的协调的多个分子机制和参与这种串扰在癌症中的蛋白质的作用。全面了解自噬和细胞凋亡的相互联系对于开发有效的癌症治疗方法至关重要。
Autophagy and apoptosis are catabolic pathways essential for organismal homeostasis. Autophagy is normally a cell-survival pathway involving the degradation and recycling of obsolete, damaged, or harmful macromolecular assemblies; however, excess autophagy has been implicated in type II cell death. Apoptosis is the canonical programmed cell death pathway. Autophagy and apoptosis have now been shown to be interconnected by several molecular nodes of crosstalk, enabling the coordinate regulation of degradation by these pathways. Normally, autophagy and apoptosis are both tumor suppressor pathways. Autophagy fulfils this role as it facilitates the degradation of oncogenic molecules, preventing development of cancers, while apoptosis prevents the survival of cancer cells. Consequently, defective or inadequate levels of either autophagy or apoptosis can lead to cancer. However, autophagy appears to have a dual role in cancer, as it has now been shown that autophagy also facilitates the survival of tumor cells in stress conditions such as hypoxic or low-nutrition environments. Here we review the multiple molecular mechanisms of coordination of autophagy and apoptosis and the role of the proteins involved in this crosstalk in cancer. A comprehensive understanding of the interconnectivity of autophagy and apoptosis is essential for the development of effective cancer therapeutics.