Toxicity of nanomaterials.
Toxicity of nanomaterials.
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DOI：
10.1039/c1cs15188f
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发表时间：
2012-03-21
影响因子：
46.2
通讯作者：
Mahmoudi M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sharifi S;Behzadi S;Laurent S;Forrest ML;Stroeve P;Mahmoudi M
纳米科学在过去的十年中已经明显成熟，因为它已经从台式科学过渡到应用技术。目前，纳米材料被广泛应用于各种商业产品，如电子元件、运动器材、防晒霜和生物医学应用。关于纳米粒子对人类健康的长期影响的研究很少，但是，包括美国国家职业安全与健康研究所和日本厚生劳动省在内的政府机构最近提出了一个问题，即碳基纳米管等看似无害的材料是否应该像对待石棉等已知致癌物一样谨慎对待。由于纳米材料在日常消费品、制造过程和医疗产品中所占的比例越来越大，因此必须保护工人和最终用户免受潜在毒性纳米粒子的吸入。它还表明，可能需要将NPs隔离到产品中，以便在产品的使用寿命或回收过程中不会将NPs释放到大气中。此外，必须研究NP吸收的非吸入途径，包括皮肤和医用注射，以了解可能的毒性作用。迄今为止，很少有研究涉及人体能否最终消除纳米材料，以防止颗粒在组织或器官中积聚。这篇重要的综述讨论了各种纳米材料的生物物理化学性质，重点是目前可用的毒理学数据和评估纳米颗粒毒性的方法。
Nanoscience has matured significantly during the last decade as it has transitioned from bench top science to applied technology. Presently, nanomaterials are used in a wide variety of commercial products such as electronic components, sports equipment, sun creams and biomedical applications. There are few studies of the long-term consequences of nanoparticles on human health, but governmental agencies, including the United States National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and Japan’s Ministry of Health, have recently raised the question of whether seemingly innocuous materials such as carbon-based nanotubes should be treated with the same caution afforded known carcinogens such as asbestos. Since nanomaterials are increasing a part of everyday consumer products, manufacturing processes, and medical products, it is imperative that both workers and end-users be protected from inhalation of potentially toxic NPs. It also suggests that NPs may need to be sequestered into products so that the NPs are not released into the atmosphere during the product’s life or during recycling. Further, non-inhalation routes of NP absorption, including dermal and medical injectables, must be studied in order to understand possible toxic effects. Fewer studies to date have addressed whether the body can eventually eliminate nanomaterials to prevent particle build-up in tissues or organs. This critical review discusses the biophysicochemical properties of various nanomaterials with emphasis on currently available toxicology data and methodologies for evaluating nanoparticle toxicity.