The silent majority: Pico- and nanoplankton as ecosystem health indicators for marine policy
The silent majority: Pico- and nanoplankton as ecosystem health indicators for marine policy
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.111650
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发表时间：
2024-02-01
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Tett，Paul
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McQuatters-Gollop，Abigail;Stern，Rowena F.;Tett，Paul
健康的海洋生态系统是一个功能齐全的系统，能够提供生态系统服务，同时仍然保持对人类引起的环境变化的复原力。监测和管理具有复原力的海洋生态系统的健康状况，需要能够评估其生物多样性状况和食物网功能的指标。浮游生物是远洋生境的重要组成部分，占据着远洋食物网的基础。大型浮游生物长期以来一直被用于监测生态系统的生产力和生物多样性，因为它们是通过传统的光学显微镜进行识别的。相比之下，对皮科和微型浮游生物（<20 µm;以下称为“微小浮游生物”）的定期监测仅始于流式细胞术技术的发展，这限制了它们作为生态系统健康指标的纳入。英国的四次浮游生物调查对这些微小浮游生物进行了长达14年的采样和鉴定，为测试它们作为生态系统状态指标的适用性提供了机会。我们调查了六类微型浮游生物，包括异养纳米真核生物、光合纳米真核生物、光合微微真核生物和集球藻蓝细菌，以及两类异养细菌。来自西英吉利海峡近岸站的流式细胞术和光学显微镜数据显示，99.98%的浮游生物丰度和71%的浮游生物生物量来自于微小的浮游生物细胞，这些细胞太小，无法在光学显微镜下准确定量，因此在评估远洋栖息地时没有充分考虑。我们使用了一种新的小波相干方法来识别微小的浮游生物和人类压力相关的环境变量之间的基于时间的关系。含氮营养盐和所有微小的浮游生物群之间的关系，最常见的是在亚年度到年度的时间尺度。光合picoeukaryotes，异养nanoeukaryotes，和HNA细菌与高海面温度。鉴于这里建立的微小浮游生物和环境变量之间的关系，以及它们在整个浮游生物组合中的重要性，我们建议，除了现有的微小浮游生物生命形式，微小浮游生物群体可以单独或组合用作浮游生物生命形式，以告知符合欧盟海洋战略框架指令（MSFD）下政策义务的生物多样性指标。（奥斯陆-巴黎公约）奥斯巴战略和联合王国海洋战略。
A healthy marine ecosystem is a fully functioning system, able to supply ecosystem services whilst still maintaining resilience to human-induced environmental change. Monitoring and managing the health of resilient marine ecosystems requires indicators that can assess their biodiversity state and food web functioning. Plankton are crucial components of pelagic habitats, occupying the base of the pelagic food web. Larger plankton have long been used to monitor ecosystem productivity and biodiversity due to their identification via traditional light microscopy. In contrast, the regular monitoring of pico- and nanoplankton (<20 µm; hereafter called “tiny plankton”) only started with the development of flow cytometry techniques, which has limited their inclusion as ecosystem health indicators.Four UK plankton surveys have sampled and identified these tiny plankton for up to 14 years, providing an opportunity to test their suitability as indicators of ecosystem state. We investigated six groups of tiny plankton, including heterotrophic nanoeukaryotes, photosynthetic nanoeukaryotes, photosynthetic picoeukaryotes, andSynechococcuscyanobacteria, and two groups of heterotrophic bacteria. Flow cytometry and light microscopy data from an inshore Western English Channel station revealed that 99.98 % of plankton abundance and 71 % of plankton biomass was derived from tiny plankton cells too small to be quantified accurately under a light microscope and thus not adequately considered in assessments of pelagic habitats.Different UK marine and coastal regions showed consistency in peak abundances of these tiny plankton. We used a novel wavelet coherence method to identify time-based relationships between tiny plankton and environmental variables linked to human pressures. Relationships were found between nitrogenous nutrients and all tiny plankton groups, most commonly at sub-annual to annual time scales. Photosynthetic picoeukaryotes, heterotrophic nanoeukaryotes, and HNA-bacteria were associated with high sea surface temperatures. Given the here established relationship between tiny plankton and environmental variables, and their importance in the full plankton assemblage, we recommend that, alongside existing microplankton lifeforms, tiny plankton groups can be used as plankton lifeforms, either individually or in combination, to inform biodiversity indicators that meet policy obligations under the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), (Oslo-Paris Convention) OSPAR strategies, and the UK Marine Strategy.