VGLUT2 mRNA and protein expression in the visual thalamus and midbrain of prosimian galagos (Otolemur garnetti)
VGLUT2 mRNA and protein expression in the visual thalamus and midbrain of prosimian galagos (Otolemur garnetti)
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DOI：
10.2147/eb.s16998
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Kaas, Jon H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Balaram, Pooja;Takahata, Toru;Kaas, Jon H.
囊泡谷氨酸转运体（VGLUTs）控制谷氨酸在中枢神经系统中的储存和突触前释放，并参与大脑中大多数谷氨酸能传递。已知两种VGLUT亚型VGLUT 1和VGLUT 2表征啮齿类动物脑中海马能神经元的互补分布，这表明它们各自负责兴奋性传递的独特回路。在啮齿类动物中，VGLUT 2主要用于丘脑皮质回路，并在初级感觉核团中强烈表达，包括视觉丘脑的所有区域。VGLUT 2在视丘和中脑中的分布尚未在灵长类动物中得到表征。因此，本研究描述了VGLUT 2的mRNA和蛋白质的表达，在视觉丘脑和上级丘的原猴星系，以提供一个更好的理解在灵长类动物的大脑中的神经元能传输。VGLUT 2在背外侧膝状体核的所有六层中强烈表达，而在板内区中表达较少，这些区分别对应于视网膜和上级丘输入。小细胞层和大细胞层表达VGLUT 2 mRNA的密度比koniocellular层。枕复合体中VGLUT 2阳性终末的斑片状分布可能反映了来自上级丘的输入。上级丘的上表面颗粒层，从视网膜的输入，最密集表达VGLUT 2蛋白，而较低的表面颗粒层，与枕的投影，最密集表达VGLUT 2 mRNA。结果是一致的结论，视网膜和上级丘的预测丘脑高度依赖于VGLUT 2转运蛋白，因为这样的皮质预测从大细胞和小细胞层的外侧膝状体核和神经元的枕复合体。
Vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) control the storage and presynaptic release of glutamate in the central nervous system, and are involved in the majority of gluta-matergic transmission in the brain. Two VGLUT isoforms, VGLUT1 and VGLUT2, are known to characterize complementary distributions of glutamatergic neurons in the rodent brain, which suggests that they are each responsible for unique circuits of excitatory transmission. In rodents, VGLUT2 is primarily utilized in thalamocortical circuits, and is strongly expressed in the primary sensory nuclei, including all areas of the visual thalamus. The distribution of VGLUT2 in the visual thalamus and midbrain has yet to be characterized in primate species. Thus, the present study describes the expression of VGLUT2 mRNA and protein across the visual thalamus and superior colliculus of prosimian galagos to provide a better understanding of glutamatergic transmission in the primate brain. VGLUT2 is strongly expressed in all six layers of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus, and much less so in the intralaminar zones, which correspond to retinal and superior collicular inputs, respectively. The parvocellular and magnocellular layers expressed VGLUT2 mRNA more densely than the koniocellular layers. A patchy distribution of VGLUT2 positive terminals in the pulvinar complex possibly reflects inputs from the superior colliculus. The upper superficial granular layers of the superior colliculus, with inputs from the retina, most densely expressed VGLUT2 protein, while the lower superficial granular layers, with projections to the pulvinar, most densely expressed VGLUT2 mRNA. The results are consistent with the conclusion that retinal and superior colliculus projections to the thalamus depend highly on the VGLUT2 transporter, as do cortical projections from the magnocellular and parvocellular layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus and neurons of the pulvinar complex.