Progress and directions in olfactory development.
Progress and directions in olfactory development.
复制标题
嗅觉发育的进展和方向。
DOI：
10.1016/s0896-6273(03)00263-0
复制
发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
16.2
通讯作者：
Greer,CharlesA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brunjes,PeterC;Greer,CharlesA
Peter C. Brunjes 1和Charles A. Greer 2，* 1弗吉尼亚大学心理学系Charlottesville，Virginia 22901基板向大脑的最初生长是复杂的。神经外科和神经生物学系的一组异质细胞从上皮细胞中向大脑方向生长（“迁移块”）。一些成为终神经，而耶鲁大学医学院纽黑文，康涅狄格州06520其他迁移到下丘脑，在那里他们产生leverizing激素释放激素（LHRH）。第三个群体成为“嗅鞘细胞”，一种独特的神经胶质细胞，已经越来越多地研究-科学是一个循环的事情。随着每一个进步，我们觉得我们已经掌握了问题，并巧妙地解决了它促进轴突再生的能力。当轴突从基板向大脑延伸时，纤维连接是明显的。很快，相互矛盾的数据出现了，旧的解释要么是不充分的，要么就是错误的。接触并环绕前脑的吻极，有些甚至向下渗透到胚芽中--最近由林恩·奥兰、盖尔·伯德、布赖恩·基、艾伦·尼霍恩和莱斯利·托尔伯特组织的一次会议，题为“nal epithelium”。目前还不清楚这种最初的神经迁移和轴突投射包括什么。一些人提出了“嗅觉发展的进展和方向”（2003年1月18日至20日，在亚利桑那州图森），研究它们是暂时的先驱细胞，只为后来的元素提供底物，如在过去成就的其他地区所见，并为研究嗅觉系统的发展绘制了未来的战略。大脑其他人提出，不同类别的轴突可能指定不同的区域，发展会议的六个会议审查如下。每次持续两个半小时，但正式的介绍时间是嗅球。辩论的解决方案似乎取决于发展的研究策略，仅限于第一个15分钟。其余的时间充满了生动和包容性的讨论，在此期间，迁移群众的组成部分可以选择性地扰动。与此相关的一个关键事实是，与会者界定了主要的重要问题，并制定了新的方向。必须确定的是，嗅觉神经元何时首次表达气味受体（见下文），以及这些受体是否在确定轴突中起重要作用第一节：嗅觉神经元和嗅球轨迹或终止区域的诱导和指定。最后，越来越明显的是，始于20世纪40年代的大脑发育“经典”两栖动物移植研究表明，外周嗅觉器官的原基比以前认为的更独立：最近的研究已经表明，至少在某些方面，球形存储器，嗅觉基板，似乎诱导形成第一个中央中继在olfac-发展可以进行没有周边的影响和更多的尾前脑成熟可能托利系统，嗅球此外，由于球是前脑最早出现的区域之一，因此在没有球的情况下进行。虽然过去的“简单”概念不再是有丝分裂后的神经元，但“系列诱导”的概念出现了：外围诱导灯泡的形成，站得住脚，该领域缺乏一个整体框架，可以将新的事实融入一个有凝聚力的整体。然后，嗅球和嗅球的组成指示高级嗅觉结构的形成.虽然它的简单性很吸引人，但它需要更严格地定义相互作用的组织（例如，间充质包含来自几个不同组织的细胞）。
Peter C. Brunjes1 and Charles A. Greer2,* 1Department of Psychology University of Virginia Charlottesville, Virginia 22901 The initial outgrowth from the placode toward the brain is complicated. A heterogeneous set of cells mi-2 Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Neurobiology grates out of the epithelium toward the brain (the “migratory mass”). Some become the nervus terminalis, while Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut 06520 others migrate into the hypothalamus where they produce Leutenizing Hormone Releasing Hormone (LHRH). A third population becomes “olfactory ensheathing cells,” a unique glial cell that has been increasingly stud-Science is a cyclic affair. With each advance, we feel we have come to grips with problems, and clever solu- ied for its ability to promote axon regeneration. As axons extend from the placode toward the brain, the fibers tions are obvious. Soon, conflicting data arise, and the old explanations are either insufficient or simply wrong. contact and encircle much of the rostral pole of the forebrain, and some even penetrate down into the germi-A recent meeting organized by Lynne Oland, Gail Burd, Brian Key, Alan Nighorn, and Leslie Tolbert, entitled nal epithelium. It is unclear what this initial neural migration and axonal projection comprises. Some propose “Progress and Directions in Olfactory Development”(January 18–20, 2003, in Tucson, Arizona), examined they are transitory pioneer cells that provide only a substrate for later elements, as seen in other regions of the past accomplishments and plotted future strategies for studying the development of olfactory systems. The brain. Others have suggested that different classes of axons might specify various regions of the developing meeting’s six sessions are reviewed below. Each lasted two and a half hours, but formal presentation time was olfactory bulb. Resolution of the debate appears to be dependent on the development of a research strategy limited to the first 15 min. The remainder of the time was filled with lively and inclusive discussions during in which components of the migratory mass could be selectively perturbed. Related to this, one critical fact which the participants delineated the leading important issues and charted new directions. that must be established is when the olfactory sensory neurons first express odor receptors (see below) and whether the receptors are important in specifying axonal Session I: Induction and Specification of the Olfactory Periphery and the Olfactory Bulb trajectories or termination regions. Finally, it is increasingly obvious that the brain devel-“Classical” amphibian transplant studies, begun in the 1940s, indicated that the anlage of the peripheral olfac- ops more independently than once thought: recent studies have indicated that at least some aspects of bulb tory apparatus, the olfactory placode, appeared to induce the formation of the first central relay in the olfac- development can proceed without peripheral influences and that more caudal forebrain maturation can probably tory system, the olfactory bulb. Furthermore, since the bulb is one of the first regions of the forebrain to exhibit proceed without the bulb. While the “simple” notions of the past are no longer postmitotic neurons, the notion of “serial induction” arose: the periphery induces the formation of the bulb, tenable, the field lacks an overall framework that can fit the new facts into a cohesive whole. The composition of and the bulb then instructs the formation of higher olfactory structures. Although attractive in its simplicity, it is interacting tissues needs to be defined more rigorously (eg, the mesenchyme contains cells from several now …