The RNA polymerase III-RIG-I axis in antiviral immunity and inflammation.
The RNA polymerase III-RIG-I axis in antiviral immunity and inflammation.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.it.2023.04.002
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发表时间：
2023-05
影响因子：
16.8
通讯作者：
L. Naesens;F. Haerynck;Michaela U. Gack
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
L. Naesens;F. Haerynck;Michaela U. Gack
核酸传感器调查亚细胞区室的非典型或错误定位的RNA或DNA，最终触发先天免疫反应。视黄酸诱导基因i （RIG-I）是细胞质RNA受体家族的一部分，可以检测病毒。越来越多的文献表明，哺乳动物RNA聚合酶III （Pol III）将某些病毒或细胞DNA序列转录成免疫刺激的RIG-I配体，从而引发抗病毒或炎症反应。Pol III-RIG-I传感轴的失调可导致人类疾病，包括严重的病毒感染结果、自身免疫和肿瘤进展。在这里，我们总结了病毒和宿主衍生的Pol III转录物在免疫中的新作用，并强调了在理解哺乳动物细胞如何通过这些rna来防止不必要的免疫激活以维持体内平衡方面的最新进展。
Nucleic acid sensors survey subcellular compartments for atypical or mislocalized RNA or DNA, ultimately triggering innate immune responses. Retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) is part of the family of cytoplasmic RNA receptors that can detect viruses. A growing literature demonstrates that mammalian RNA polymerase III (Pol III) transcribes certain viral or cellular DNA sequences into immunostimulatory RIG-I ligands, which elicits antiviral or inflammatory responses. Dysregulation of the Pol III–RIG-I sensing axis can lead to human diseases including severe viral infection outcomes, autoimmunity, and tumor progression. Here, we summarize the newly emerging role of viral and host-derived Pol III transcripts in immunity and also highlight recent advances in understanding how mammalian cells prevent unwanted immune activation by these RNAs to maintain homeostasis.