Vector-borne disease problems in rapid urbanization: new approaches to vector control.
Vector-borne disease problems in rapid urbanization: new approaches to vector control.
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DOI：
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发表时间：
1992
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
A. Knudsen;R. Slooff
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Knudsen;R. Slooff
由于人口增长、卫生水平差和城市贫困日益加剧，许多发展中国家的城市环境正在迅速恶化。棚户区或贫民窟住房密集，饮用水供应不足，垃圾收集服务和地表水排水系统不足，这些因素共同为传染病病媒和宿主的扩散创造了有利的栖息地。因此，疟疾、淋巴丝虫病和登革热等病媒传播疾病正在成为许多热带国家与快速城市化有关的主要公共卫生问题。决策者和城市规划者可以通过放弃“地毯式”使用农药的概念，转而采用综合办法来解决控制这些疾病和消除病媒和害虫方面的问题。健全的环境管理做法以及社区教育和参与是这一领域一些最杰出成就的主要因素。根据这些例子，有人认为市政当局需要采用一种灵活的方法，这种方法必须以调动社区资源的可能性为基础，尽量减少对常规杀虫剂喷洒的依赖。这样，病媒控制就成为城市环境中人类发展的副产品。现在这是一个真正的挑战。
Owing to population growth, poor levels of hygiene, and increasing urban poverty, the urban environment in many developing countries is rapidly deteriorating. Densely packed housing in shanty towns or slums and inadequate drinking-water supplies, garbage collection services, and surface-water drainage systems combine to create favourable habitats for the proliferation of vectors and reservoirs of communicable diseases. As a consequence, vector-borne diseases such as malaria, lymphatic filariasis and dengue are becoming major public health problems associated with rapid urbanization in many tropical countries. The problems in controlling these diseases and eliminating vectors and pests can be resolved by decision-makers and urban planners by moving away from the concept of "blanket" applications of pesticides towards integrated approaches. Sound environmental management practices and community education and participation form the mainstay of some of the most outstanding successes in this area. On the basis of these examples, it is argued that the municipal authorities need to apply a flexible methodology, which must be based on the possibilities of mobilizing community resources, with minimal reliance on routine pesticidal spraying. In this way, vector control becomes a by-product of human development in the city environment. This is now a true challenge.