Genetic variation in photosynthesis: many variants make light work.
Genetic variation in photosynthesis: many variants make light work.
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DOI：
10.1093/jxb/erac129
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发表时间：
2022-05-23
影响因子：
6.9
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3054|按发布日期排序的历史品种之间的 Kromdijk 和 McCormick 提供了光合作用性状选择作为植物育种工作的无意副作用的证据。例如，Koester 等人（2016）报告说，最近发布的大豆品种往往比老品种表现出更高的日碳增益，这主要是通过在土壤含水量高的时期增强气孔导度来实现的。在本期中，Li 等人（2022）基于对中国 60 年小麦育种的 26 个冬小麦品种的比较，认为育种也可能影响小麦的光合特性。而许多主要作物物种的光合性状遗传变异很显着（Sharwood 等人，2022 年和 Sakoda 等人，2022 年综述）本期），将光合作用纳入选育计划的情况仍然很少。 Theeuwen 等人 (2022) 讨论了如何基于现成的作物植物种质，使用定量遗传学来发现有用的性状变异并设计改善作物光合作用的策略。作物育种策略需要一个明确的目标环境群体（TPE），即未来生产环境的可变组（Crespo-Herrera 等人，2021），在该群体下，育种计划试图提高作物性能。 Sales 等人（2022）阐述了明确定义的 TPE 对于增强作物光合作用研究的重要性，他们提出了 80 个小麦品系的光合性状的温室评估和田间评估之间完全缺乏相关性。他们的工作强调了环境相互作用中基因型的重要性，特别是对于复杂的、高度多基因的性状。在全球气候变化的背景下，极端天气事件发生的增加（IPCC，2021）意味着TPE的随机性、不可预测性成分变得更加突出，增强抗压能力的选择变得越来越重要。因此，本期杂志中强烈体现了响应非生物胁迫的光合性状遗传变异也就不足为奇了。 Faralli 等人（2022）提出了一系列葡萄基因型的气孔动态之间的差异，这对耐热性和水分利用效率的差异有显着贡献。 Ortiz 和 Salas-Fernandez (2022) 分析了双色高粱响应干旱胁迫的光合作用的遗传控制，确定了与气体交换和叶绿素荧光性状变化相关的几个基因组区域，这可能用于进一步增强这种 C4 食品、饲料和生物能源作物本已显着的耐旱性。 Posch 等人 (2022) 表明，小麦 PSII 的热耐受性会因短期超优温度条件而发生快速驯化，但在具有对比高温耐受性的一系列基因型之间也存在显着差异。最后，关于生长季节末温度的次优，Burnett 和 Kromdijk（2022）提出了通过选择性育种增强玉米光合作用的耐冷性的理由，这
3054| Kromdijk and McCormick between historical cultivars sorted by release date have provided evidence of selection on photosynthesis traits as an inadvertent side effect of plant breeding efforts. For example, Koester et al.(2016) reported that more recently released cultivars of soybean tended to show higher daily carbon gain than older cultivars, primarily via enhanced stomatal conductance in periods of high soil water content. In this issue, Li et al.(2022) suggest that breeding may also have affected photosynthetic characteristics of Triticum aestivum (wheat), based on a comparison of 26 winter wheat cultivars spanning 60 years of wheat breeding in China.Whereas genetic variation in photosynthetic traits is significant in many major crop species (reviewed by Sharwood e t al., 2022 and Sakoda et al., 2022 in this issue), incorporation of photosynthesis in selective breeding programmes is still rare. Theeuwen et al.(2022) discuss how quantitative genetics can be used to discover useful trait variation and design strategies to improve crop photosynthesis, based on readily available crop plant germplasm. Crop breeding strategies require a defined target population of environments (TPE), namely a variable group of future production environments (Crespo-Herrera e t al., 2021), under which the breeding programme attempts to enhance crop performance. The importance of clearly defined TPE for research to enhance crop photosynthesis is illustrated by Sales et al.(2022), who present a complete lack of correlation between glasshouse and field evaluation of photosynthetic traits across 80 wheat lines. Their work emphasizes the importance of genotype by environment interactions, especially for complex, highly multigenic traits. In the context of global climate change, the increased occurrence of extreme weather events (IPCC, 2021) means that the stochastic, unpredictable component of TPE is becoming more prominent and selection for enhanced resilience against stress is gaining importance. It should therefore be no surprise that genetic variation in photosynthetic traits in response to abiotic stress is strongly represented in the current issue. Faralli et al.(2022) present variation between stomatal dynamics across a range of Vitis vinifera (grapevine) genotypes, which contributed significantly to differentiation in heat tolerance and water use efficiency. Ortiz and Salas-Fernandez (2022) analyse the genetic control of photosynthesis in response to drought stress in Sorghum bicolor, identifying several genomic regions associated with variation in gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence traits, which might be used to further enhance already substantial drought tolerance of this C4 food, feed, and bioenergy crop. Posch et al.(2022) show that thermal tolerance of PSII in wheat is subject to rapid acclimation in response to short-term supraoptimal temperature conditions, but also varies significantly between a range of genotypes with contrasting high temperature tolerance. Finally, on the suboptimal end of growth season temperature, Burnett an d Kromdijk (2022) argue the case for enhancing chilling tolerance of photosynthesis in maize via selective breeding, which
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影响因子：
6.9
作者：
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
6.9
作者：
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
6.9
作者：
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
6.9
作者：
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
6.9
作者：
通讯作者：
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