Poplar extrafloral nectar is protected against plant and human pathogenic fungus.
Poplar extrafloral nectar is protected against plant and human pathogenic fungus.
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杨树花外花蜜可抵抗植物和人类致病真菌
DOI：
10.1093/mp/sss072
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
27.5
通讯作者：
P. Ache
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Escalante-Perez;M. Jaborsky;J. Reinders;O. Kurzai;R. Hedrich;P. Ache
亲爱的编辑，植物分泌花蜜来吸引互利动物，这些动物主要充当传粉者，如花蜜，或防御草食动物，如花外花蜜（Nicolson 等，2007）。由于花蜜通常代表含有糖和其他营养代谢物的水溶液（Baker 和 Baker，1983），因此它们很容易受到微生物的侵染，微生物可以利用花蜜分泌组织作为感染植物的入口点。因此，花蜜分泌组织需要有效的屏障来抵御病原体感染。迄今为止，我们对植物保护花蜜免受微生物侵害的方式的了解相当有限。一些报告重点关注“防御性化学物质”，例如生物碱和酚类，或基于名为油桃的蛋白质的防御系统（参见 Escalante-Pérez 和 Heil，2012）。在观赏烟草的花蜜中，油桃与所谓的“花蜜氧化还原循环”有关。在该系统中，高浓度活性氧（ROS）的产生提供了无微生物的花蜜。除了油桃之外，在花花蜜和花外花蜜中还发现了水解酶，如核糖核酸酶、过氧化物酶、几丁质酶、葡聚糖酶和其他发病机制相关 (PR) 蛋白（综述，请参阅 Escalante-Pérez 和 Heil，2012）。为了研究杨树花外蜜腺中活性的抗菌蛋白混合物，我们研究了该器官的分泌组和转录组。因此，我们发现了一组防御蛋白，经证明可有效对抗植物和人类致病真菌，因此可用于制药目的。在田间种植的叶子的花外花蜜 (EFN) 中
Dear Editor, Plants secrete nectar to attract mutualistic animals, which predominantly function as pollinators, as in the case of floral nectar, or defenders against herbivores, as in the case of extrafloral nectar (Nicolson et al., 2007). Because nectars usually represent aqueous solutions containing sugars and other nutrient metabolites (Baker and Baker, 1983), they are susceptible to infestation by microbial organisms, which can use the nectar-secreting tissues as entry sites to infect the plant. Nectar-secreting tissues thus require an efficient shield against pathogen infections. To date, our knowledge about the way that plants protect their nectar from microorganisms is rather limited. Several reports have focused on ‘defensive chemicals’, such as alkaloids and phenols, or a defense system based on proteins named nectarins (cf. Escalante—Pérez and Heil, 2012). In floral nectar of ornamental tobacco, nectarins have been associated with a so-called ‘nectar redox cycle’. In this system, the production of high concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) provides for microbe-free nectar. In addition to the nectarins, hydrolytic enzymes such as ribonucleases, peroxidases, chitinases, glucanases, and other pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins were discovered in both floral and extrafloral nectars (for review, see Escalante—Pérez and Heil, 2012). To study the blend of antimicrobial proteins active in poplar extrafloral nectaries, we investigated the secretome and transcriptome of this organ. Thereby, we discovered a set of defense proteins that proved to be effective against a plant and human pathogenic fungus and thus could serve pharmaceutical purposes. In extrafloral nectar (EFN) of leaves from field-grown