Glycemic index and obesity
Glycemic index and obesity
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DOI：
10.1093/ajcn/76.1.281s
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发表时间：
2002-07-01
影响因子：
7.1
通讯作者：
McMillan, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brand-Miller, JC;Holt, SHA;McMillan, J
虽然减肥可以通过任何限制能量的方式实现，但目前的饮食指南并没有阻止体重反弹或肥胖和超重的人口水平增加。许多高碳水化合物、低脂肪的饮食可能对控制体重起反作用，因为它们明显增加餐后高血糖和高胰岛素血症。西方饮食中常见的许多高碳水化合物食物会产生高血糖反应——高血糖指数（GI）食物，以脂肪氧化为代价促进餐后碳水化合物氧化，从而改变燃料分配，从而可能有利于身体脂肪的增加。相反，以低脂食物为基础的饮食产生低血糖反应（低gi食物）可以加强体重控制，因为它们促进饱腹感，减少餐后胰岛素分泌，并保持胰岛素敏感性。这一假设得到了几项人类干预研究的支持，在这些研究中，以低gi食物为基础的能量限制饮食比以高gi食物为基础的同等饮食产生了更大的减肥效果。动物模型的长期研究也表明，与等能、常量营养素控制、低gi淀粉饮食相比，以高gi淀粉为基础的饮食会促进体重增加、内脏肥胖和更高浓度的脂肪生成酶。在一项对健康孕妇的研究中，与营养均衡的低gi饮食相比，高gi饮食与足月体重增加有关。在一项关于饮食和I型糖尿病并发症的研究中，总体饮食的GI是男性腰围的独立预测指标。这些发现为比较传统饮食和低gi饮食对体重控制的影响的随机、对照、多中心干预研究提供了科学依据。
Although weight loss can be achieved by any means of energy restriction, current dietary guidelines have not prevented weight regain or population-level increases in obesity and overweight. Many high-carbohydrate, low-fat diets may be counterproductive to weight control because they markedly increase postprandial hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. Many high-carbohydrate foods common to Western diets produce a high glycemic response high-glycemic-index (GI) foods, promoting postprandial carbohydrate oxidation at the expense of fat oxidation, thus altering fuel partitioning in a way that may be conducive to body fat gain. In contrast, diets based on low-fat foods that produce a low glycemic response (low-GI foods) may enhance weight control because they promote satiety, minimize postprandial insulin secretion, and maintain insulin sensitivity. This hypothesis is supported by several intervention studies in humans in which energy-restricted diets based on low-GI foods produced greater weight loss than did equivalent diets based on high-GI foods. Long-term studies in animal models have also shown that diets based on high-GI starches promote weight gain, visceral adiposity, and higher concentrations of lipogenic enzymes than do isoenergetic, macronutrient controlled, low-GI-starch diets. In a study of healthy pregnant women, a high-GI diet was associated with greater weight at term than was a nutrient-balanced, low-GI diet. In a study of diet and complications of type I diabetes, the GI of the overall diet was an independent predictor of waist circumference in men. These findings provide the scientific rationale to justify randomized, controlled, multicenter intervention studies comparing the effects of conventional and low-GI diets on weight control.