Mangrove expansion and salt marsh decline at mangrove poleward limits
Mangrove expansion and salt marsh decline at mangrove poleward limits
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DOI：
10.1111/gcb.12341
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发表时间：
2014-01-01
影响因子：
11.6
通讯作者：
Krauss, Ken W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Saintilan, Neil;Wilson, Nicholas C.;Krauss, Ken W.
红树林是源自热带属的盐生潮间带树木和灌木物种，可能因对寒冷的敏感性不同而在纬度范围内划定界限。现在有足够的证据表明，在过去的半个世纪里，至少有五个大陆的红树林物种在其向极地的界限或界限附近大量繁殖，而盐沼则受到损害。白骨壤是世界上最耐寒的属，也是大多数观察到的变化的主题。白骨壤的范围沿着美国大西洋海岸延伸，并扩展到盐沼，这是美国南部霜冻频率和强度较低的结果。该属还扩展到其南部极限的秘鲁和墨西哥的太平洋沿岸的盐沼。在中国广东省的红树林保护区内，几种红树林的范围扩大，取代了盐沼。在澳大利亚东南部，白骨壤扩展到盐沼，现在有充分的记录，红海榄已扩大其范围向南，同时显示出强劲的人口增长在河口沿着其南部界限在北方新南威尔士州。白骨壤已经将其分布范围向南扩展到南非。这些变化与海平面上升同时出现的温度阈值向极地扩展是一致的，尽管扩散或其他因素的限制可能会使范围扩展的具体机制复杂化。亚热带和温带海岸线从盐沼到红树林优势的转变对生态结构、功能和全球变化适应具有重要意义。
Mangroves are species of halophytic intertidal trees and shrubs derived from tropical genera and are likely delimited in latitudinal range by varying sensitivity to cold. There is now sufficient evidence that mangrove species have proliferated at or near their poleward limits on at least five continents over the past half century, at the expense of salt marsh. Avicennia is the most cold-tolerant genus worldwide, and is the subject of most of the observed changes. Avicennia germinans has extended in range along the USA Atlantic coast and expanded into salt marsh as a consequence of lower frost frequency and intensity in the southern USA. The genus has also expanded into salt marsh at its southern limit in Peru, and on the Pacific coast of Mexico. Mangroves of several species have expanded in extent and replaced salt marsh where protected within mangrove reserves in Guangdong Province, China. In south-eastern Australia, the expansion of Avicennia marina into salt marshes is now well documented, and Rhizophora stylosa has extended its range southward, while showing strong population growth within estuaries along its southern limits in northern New South Wales. Avicennia marina has extended its range southwards in South Africa. The changes are consistent with the poleward extension of temperature thresholds coincident with sea-level rise, although the specific mechanism of range extension might be complicated by limitations on dispersal or other factors. The shift from salt marsh to mangrove dominance on subtropical and temperate shorelines has important implications for ecological structure, function, and global change adaptation.