THE MEASUREMENT OF SELECTION ON CORRELATED CHARACTERS
THE MEASUREMENT OF SELECTION ON CORRELATED CHARACTERS
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1558-5646.1983.tb00236.x
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发表时间：
1983-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
ARNOLD, SJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
LANDE, R;ARNOLD, SJ
多变量统计方法用于仅根据观察到的世代内群体中表型性状分布的变化来衡量选择。在不随年龄变化的性状中很容易检测到选择效应，例如分生性状或具有确定生长的物种的成年性状。个体发育特征，包括异速生长速度，可以在纵向研究中进行分析，其中个体被跟踪一段时间。遵循皮尔逊(1903年)的一种方法，这种分析有助于揭示选择的目标(S)，并量化其强度，而不确定选择的因素(S)。通过考虑相关角色的间接选择，可以测量直接作用于每个角色的定向和稳定(或破坏性)选择的单独作用力。这些定向选择系数和稳定选择系数分别是描述作为表型性状函数的个体适应度选择表面的最佳线性和二次近似的参数。这一理论是通过估计在恶劣天气条件下影响金龟子幼虫[Euschistus varolarius]和家麻雀[Passer home ticus]存活的形态特征的选择性力量来说明的。
Multivariate statistical methods are derived for measuring selection solely from observed changes in the distribution of phenotypic characters in a population within a generation. Selective effects are readily detectable in characters that do not change with age, such as meristic traits or adult characters in species with determinate growth. Ontogenetic characters, including allometric growth rates, can be analyzed in longitudinal studies where individuals are followed through time. Following an approach pioneered by Pearson (1903), this analysis helps to reveal the target(s) of selection, and to quantify its intensity, without identifying the selective agent(s). By accounting for indirect selection through correlated characters, separate forces of directional and stabilizing (or disruptive) selection acting directly on each character can be measured. These directional and stabilizing selection coefficients are respectively the parameters that describe the best linear and quadratic approximations to the selective surface of individual fitness as a function of the phenotypic characters. The theory is illustrated by estimating selective forces on morphological characters influencing survival in pentatomid bugs [Euschistus variolarius] and in house sparrows [Passer domesticus] during severe weather conditions.