Use of geographical information system-based hydrological modelling for development of a raised bog conservation and restoration programme
Use of geographical information system-based hydrological modelling for development of a raised bog conservation and restoration programme
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使用基于地理信息系统的水文模型制定高位沼泽保护和恢复计划
DOI：
10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.04.067
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Fernando Fernandez
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
F. Mackin;R. Flynn;A. Barr;Fernando Fernandez
根据欧洲联盟的《湿地指令》，积累泥炭的活性凸起沼泽（ARB）构成附件一的优先生境。从20世纪90年代中期到2013年，对爱尔兰特别保护区（SAC）的生态监测表明，自HD生效以来，该网络经历了37%（730公顷）的ARB损失。恢复ARB覆盖率的义务，同时保护现有的优先栖息地，需要一个科学的辩护方法，以支持长期管理。基于地理信息系统的调查工具为将生态和水文实地数据与高分辨率地形数据联系起来提供了基础。半经验水文指标的应用，反映气候，地形条件和表面/近表面水文过程，未切割（高）沼泽表明ARB通常开发未切割泥炭地与坡度之间的0.2%和0.6%，取决于有效降雨量;在更局部化的集中流冲洗ARB可能会发生在超过1%的斜坡。定位地形合适的高沼泽地区，目前缺乏ARB，允许识别退化的沼泽（DRB），即能够再生为ARB的区域。整个SAC网络模型建议DRB覆盖范围为1555公顷，尽管并非所有DRB都可以通过久经考验的恢复技术来实现。通过水文模型，可以确定哪些地区的恢复工作可以集中进行，以获得最大效益。另一方面，这种方法也强调了单靠高沼泽地的恢复措施无法满足目前的ARB短缺，需要考虑其他恢复方法。
Peat-accumulating active raised bog (ARB) constitutes an Annex I priority habitat under the European Union’s Habitats Directive (HD). Ecological monitoring of Irish special area of conservation (SAC) sites from the mid-1990s up to 2013 has shown that the network experienced ARB losses of 37% (730 ha) since the HD came into law. Obligations to restore ARB coverage, while conserving existing priority habitat, require a scientifically-defensible methodology to underpin long-term management. GIS-based investigative tools provided a basis for linking ecological and hydrological field data with high resolution topographic data. Application of semi-empirical hydrological metrics, reflecting climate, topographic conditions and surface/near surface hydrological processes, to uncut (high) bog indicated ARB typically develops on uncut peatlands with slopes of between 0.2% and 0.6%, depending on effective rainfall; in more localised focused-flow flushes ARB may occur on slopes exceeding 1%. Locating topographically suitable high bog areas, currently lacking ARB, permitted identification of degraded raised bog (DRB), i.e. zones capable of regenerating to ARB. Across the SAC network modelling suggested DRB coverage is 1555 ha, although not all may be restorable by tried-and-tested restoration technologies. Hydrological modelling has permitted identification of areas where restoration efforts may be focused for maximum benefit. On the other hand the approach has also highlighted the inability of restoration measures on high bog alone to meet the current shortfall in ARB and the requirement to consider additional approaches to restoration.