Anti-littering in developing countries: Motivating the people of Jordan
Anti-littering in developing countries: Motivating the people of Jordan
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DOI：
10.1177/0734242x19900654
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发表时间：
2020-01-23
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Haddad, Assal
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Moqbel, Shadi;El-tah, Ziad;Haddad, Assal
在发展中国家，乱扔垃圾仍然是一个尚未解决的问题，过去基于试错法的研究未能解决这一问题。在这项研究中，制作了一份问卷，并分发给约旦人民。人们被要求指出是什么促使他们使用垃圾箱。激励因素分为内在激励因素和外在激励因素。根据每个动机的得分和应答者的属性对问卷的回答进行统计分析。最高层次的内在动机是“道德伦理感”和“遵循他们被抚养的方式”。外部激励因素的最大影响是儿童的存在，其次是容器数量的增加，在一个干净的地方和回收方案的存在。研究受访者的属性显示，根据社会人口因素，人们对内在动机的反应存在差异，而对于外在动机，这些因素往往会减少，人们的反应几乎相同。这项研究的结果可以解释一些在文献中报告的结果的差异，根据社会人口因素的乱扔垃圾的行为。为了在约旦采取有效的反乱抛垃圾做法，当局应考虑结合使用内在和外在的激励因素。在内在动机方面，当局应赞扬和提醒人们注意他们的核心价值观、道德观及其子女的行为和未来。对于外在激励因素，建议按以下降序排列：便利的基础设施、回收计划、反乱扔垃圾运动、奖励、惩罚。
Littering in developing countries remains a problem that has not been overcome, and past research based on a trial-and-error approach has not solved the problem. In this study, a questionnaire was constructed and distributed to the people of Jordan. People were asked to indicate what motivates them to use the litter bins. The motivators were divided into intrinsic motivators and extrinsic motivators. The responses to the questionnaire were statistically analysed according to the score for each motivator and the responders' attributes. The highest level intrinsic motivators were the 'sense of morals and ethics' and 'following the way they were raised'. The highest impact of extrinsic motivators was the presence of children followed by increasing number of receptacles, being in a clean place and the presence of recycling programmes. Studying the respondents' attributes showed there are differences in people's responses to intrinsic motivators according to socio-demographical factors, while for extrinsic motivators these factors tend to diminish and people react almost the same. The results of this study can explain some of the differences in reported results in the literature on littering behaviour according to socio-demographic factors. To have an effective anti-littering approach in Jordan, the authorities should consider using a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic motivators. In the intrinsic motivators, the authorities should praise and remind people of their core values, morals and their children's behaviour and future. For the extrinsic motivators, the following descending order is suggested: convenient infrastructure, recycling programmes, anti-littering campaigns, rewards, penalties.