Immune system modulates the function of adult neural stem cells.
Immune system modulates the function of adult neural stem cells.
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DOI：
10.2174/157339510791823772
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发表时间：
2010-08-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Galvez-Contreras AY
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gonzalez-Perez O;Jauregui-Huerta F;Galvez-Contreras AY
新的神经元在大多数哺乳动物中不断产生，如果不是全部的话。这种神经发生只发生在成人大脑的离散区域：脑室下区（SVZ）和颗粒下区（SGZ）。在这些领域，有神经干细胞（NSC），多能和自我更新，这是由一些分子和信号通路，控制他们的细胞命运的选择，生存和增殖率的调节。生长因子和形态发生因子被认为是控制神经干细胞的唯一介质。近年来，趋化因子和细胞因子被认为是神经干细胞功能的重要调节因子。一些研究最多的免疫效应物是白血病抑制因子（LIF）、睫状神经营养因子（CNTF）、干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）、胰岛素样生长因子-1（IGF-1）、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）和趋化因子MCP-1和SDF-1。这些物质对神经干细胞的增殖、细胞命运选择、迁移和存活具有重要的调节作用。因此，免疫系统正在成为成人大脑中神经原性小生境的重要调节器，但需要进一步研究才能完全确定这些神经效应的生物学意义。
New neurons are continuously produced in most, if not all, mammals. This Neurogenesis occurs only in discrete regions of the adult brain: the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the subgranular zone (SGZ). In these areas, there are neural stem cells (NSCs), multipotent and selfrenewing, which are regulated by a number of molecules and signaling pathways that control their cell fate choices, survival and proliferation rates. It was believed that growth and morphogenic factors were the unique mediators that controlled NSCs in vivo. Recently, chemokines and cytokines have been identified as important regulators of NSCs functions. Some of the most studied immunological effectors are leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and the chemokines MCP-1 and SDF-1. These substances exert a considerable regulation on proliferation, cell-fate choices, migration and survival of NSCs. Hence, the immune system is emerging as an important regulator of neurogenic niches in the adult brain, but further studies are necessary to fully establish the biological meaning of these neural effects.