A CONCEPTUAL MODEL FOR EVALUATING EMERGENCY RISK COMMUNICATION IN PUBLIC HEALTH
A CONCEPTUAL MODEL FOR EVALUATING EMERGENCY RISK COMMUNICATION IN PUBLIC HEALTH
复制标题
DOI：
10.1089/hs.2018.0020
复制
发表时间：
2018-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Smith, Belinda J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Seeger, Matthew W.;Pechta, Laura E.;Smith, Belinda J.
新出现的传染病、恐怖主义、环境灾难和自然灾害等公共卫生威胁都需要有效的沟通。突发事件风险沟通是公共卫生突发事件规划和应对的关键组成部分。这是一个复杂的过程，涉及各种结构，这些结构随着时间的推移以动态的方式相互作用。虽然紧急情况风险沟通通常被认为是风险管理和应急的一个重要工具，但具体的要素、过程和结果没有得到很好的描述，也没有得到系统的评估。在本文中，我们描述了与疾病控制和预防中心（CDC）合作开发的公共卫生概念模型。我们建议使用该模型为实践提供信息，并指导应急风险沟通的评估。该模型是通过对应急风险沟通文献的广泛审查、对研究人员的访谈以及与疾病预防控制中心利益相关者的讨论得出的。该模型可适用于广泛的紧急事件，并纳入关键结构，以评估内部流程以及对受众进行紧急风险通报的结果。评估内部流程可以帮助识别和纠正消息传递缺陷。结果构念描述了预期目标受众对紧急风险沟通的反应，例如随着时间的推移可能发生的知识、态度、信念和行为的变化。这可以帮助公共卫生传播者了解他们的各种活动如何促进紧急情况风险传播的成果。
Public health threats, such as emerging infectious diseases, terrorism, environmental catastrophes, and natural disasters, all require effective communication. Emergency risk communication is a critical component of public health emergency planning and response. It is a complex process involving a variety of constructs that interact in dynamic ways over time. While emergency risk communication is generally recognized as an important tool for risk management and emergency response, the specific elements, processes, and outcomes are not well described and have not been systematically assessed. In this article, we describe a conceptual model for public health developed in collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). We propose using this model to inform practice and to guide evaluations of emergency risk communication. The model was informed by an extensive review of the emergency risk communication literature, interviews with researchers, and discussions with CDC stakeholders. This model can be adapted for a wide range of emergency events and incorporates key constructs to assess internal processes, as well as outcomes of emergency risk communication on audiences. Evaluating internal processes can help identify and correct messaging deficiencies. Outcome constructs describe expected target audience responses to emergency risk communication, such as changes in knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors that may occur over time. This can help public health communicators learn how their various activities contribute to emergency risk communication outcomes.