What Is Motion? Recent Advances in the Study of Molecular Movement Patterns of the Peptidoglycan Synthesis Machines.
What Is Motion? Recent Advances in the Study of Molecular Movement Patterns of the Peptidoglycan Synthesis Machines.
复制标题
什么是运动？
DOI：
10.1128/jb.00598-21
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Maurelli,AnthonyT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lamanna,MelissaMae;Maurelli,AnthonyT
蛋白质如何穿越时空是生物学中的一个基本问题。虽然对蛋白质运动的机械理解已经取得了很大的进步，但仍然存在许多问题。我们在肽聚糖（PG）合成机器的背景下讨论运动的生物学意义。我们回顾了几种细菌的系统，包括大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和肺炎链球菌，并对我们目前关于运动动力学的知识提出了全面的看法。由于“一刀切不适合所有人”，差异也得到了解决。细菌分裂时，由PG合成酶（转糖基酶[TG]和/或转肽酶[TP]）以及多种调节因子和细胞骨架因子组成的复杂多蛋白纳米机器合成新的PG并将其整合到生长的细胞壁中。成像能力和标记方法的进步表明，这些机器不是静态的，而是通过垂直于模型杆状细菌（如大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌）的长轴的定向运动向细胞圆周移动。在一些物种中，TG:TPs的酶活性驱动运动，而在其他物种中，运动是由FtsZ跑步介导的。此外，利用单粒子跟踪技术观察了PG合成酶的定向运动和扩散运动。在这里，我们研究了扩散在过境方面的生物学作用。最后，讨论了单功能转糖基酶（RodA和FtsW）以及A类PG合成酶的研究结果。这篇小型综述展示了最近的进展，揭示了未知的机制，并刺激了未来的研究领域。
How proteins move through space and time is a fundamental question in biology. While great strides have been made toward a mechanistic understanding of protein movement, many questions remain. We discuss the biological implications of motion in the context of the peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis machines. We reviewed systems in several bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae, and present a comprehensive view of our current knowledge regarding movement dynamics. Discrepancies are also addressed because “one size does not fit all”. For bacteria to divide, new PG is synthesized and incorporated into the growing cell wall by complex multiprotein nanomachines consisting of PG synthases (transglycosylases [TG] and/or transpeptidases [TP]) as well as a variety of regulators and cytoskeletal factors. Advances in imaging capabilities and labeling methods have revealed that these machines are not static but rather circumferentially transit the cell via directed motion perpendicular to the long axis of model rod-shaped bacteria such as E. coli and B. subtilis. The enzymatic activity of the TG:TPs drives motion in some species while motion is mediated by FtsZ treadmilling in others. In addition, both directed and diffusive motion of the PG synthases have been observed using single-particle tracking technology. Here, we examined the biological role of diffusion regarding transit. Lastly, findings regarding the monofunctional transglycosylases (RodA and FtsW) as well as the Class A PG synthases are discussed. This minireview serves to showcase recent advances, broach mechanistic unknowns, and stimulate future areas of study.