Biodissolution and cellular response to MoO3 nanoribbons and a new framework for early hazard screening for 2D materials
Biodissolution and cellular response to MoO3 nanoribbons and a new framework for early hazard screening for 2D materials
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DOI：
10.1039/c8en00362a
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发表时间：
2018-11-01
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Hurt, Robert H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gray, Evan P.;Browning, Cynthia L.;Hurt, Robert H.
二维（2D）高纵横比片状材料是一类广泛的合成超薄片状固体，其快速发展的步伐促使对其生物效应和安全设计的系统研究。这项工作面临的一个挑战是大量的新材料及其化学多样性。最近的工作表明，许多二维材料将是化学不稳定的，因此在生物环境中是不持久的。这些信息可以提供信息并加速安全评估，但缺乏证实热力学预测的实验数据。在这里，我们提出了一个框架的基础上，在反应介质中的生物溶解研究的纳米片材料的早期危险筛选，特别是选择每种材料，以匹配化学上可行的降解途径。简单的溶解和体外测试允许将纳米片材料分为四类：A，潜在的生物持久性; B，缓慢降解（>24-48小时）; C，具有潜在危险的降解产物的生物可溶性;和D，具有低危险的降解产物的生物可溶性。所提出的框架证明通过实验的情况下，MoO 3纳米带，它具有双重的2D/1D形态，并已被报道是稳定的水储备溶液中的研究。纳米带在生物模拟液和细胞培养中迅速溶解，在100 μ g/ml剂量下不会引起不良反应。这些结果将MoO 3纳米带置于D类，并将其分配为进一步纳米毒理学测试的低优先级。我们预计使用这个框架可以加速对大量新的粉末状2D纳米片材料的风险评估，并促进其安全设计和商业化。
Two-dimensional (2D) high-aspect-ratio sheet-like materials are a broad class of synthetic ultra-thin sheet-like solids whose rapid pace of development motivates systematic study of their biological effects and safe design. A challenge for this effort is the large number of new materials and their chemical diversity. Recent work suggests that many 2D materials will be thermodynamically unstable and thus non-persistent in biological environments. Such information could inform and accelerate safety assessment, but experimental data to confirm the thermodynamic predictions are lacking. Here we propose a framework for early hazard screening of nanosheet materials based on biodissolution studies in reactive media, specially chosen for each material to match chemically feasible degradation pathways. Simple dissolution and in vitro tests allow grouping of nanosheet materials into four classes: A, potentially biopersistent; B, slowly degradable (>24-48 hours); C, biosoluble with potentially hazardous degradation products; and D, biosoluble with low-hazard degradation products. The proposed framework is demonstrated through an experimental case study on MoO3 nanoribbons, which have a dual 2D/1D morphology and have been reported to be stable in aqueous stock solutions. The nanoribbons are shown to undergo rapid dissolution in biological simulant fluids and in cell culture, where they elicit no adverse responses up to 100 g ml(-1) dose. These results place MoO3 nanoribbons in Class D, and assigns them a low priority for further nanotoxicology testing. We anticipate use of this framework could accelerate the risk assessment for the large set of new powdered 2D nanosheet materials, and promote their safe design and commercialization.