The ocean's response to North Atlantic Oscillation variability
The ocean's response to North Atlantic Oscillation variability
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DOI：
10.1029/134gm06
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发表时间：
2013-03
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Visbeck;E. Chassignet;R. Curry;T. Delworth;R. R. Dickson-R.;G. Krahmann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Visbeck;E. Chassignet;R. Curry;T. Delworth;R. R. Dickson-R.;G. Krahmann
北大西洋涛动（NAO）是北大西洋区大气变率的主要模态。海盆尺度大气强迫的变化对海洋的性质和环流有重要影响。部分反应是局部的和迅速的（表面温度、混合层深度、上层海洋热含量、表面埃克曼输送、海冰覆盖）。然而，地转平衡的大尺度水平和翻转环流可能需要数年时间来适应强迫的变化。延迟响应是非本地的，在这个意义上说，波和平均环流通信扰动在海气界面的大西洋盆地的其他部分。如果海洋对大气有显著的反馈，则延迟和非局部响应可能引起振荡行为。我们推测，在十年和更长的时间尺度上，海洋的热储存和运输的变化应该对气候产生越来越重要的影响。最后，海洋环流以及热量和淡水分布的变化也会改变通风率和通风路径。因此，我们预计气体的净吸收会发生变化（例如，O2，CO2），改变了营养平衡，以及海洋生物分布的变化。我们回顾了什么是已知的NAO引起的强迫从理论，数值实验和观测的角度来看，海洋的变化的反应。
The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is the dominant mode of atmospheric variability in the North Atlantic Sector. Basin scale changes in the atmospheric forcing significantly affect properties and circulation of the ocean. Part of the response is local and rapid (surface temperature, mixed-layer depth, upper ocean heat content, surface Ekman transport, sea ice cover). However, the geostrophically balanced large-scale horizontal and overturning circulation can take several years to adjust to changes in the forcing. The delayed response is non-local in the sense that waves and the mean circulation communicate perturbations at the air-sea interface to other parts of the Atlantic basin. A delayed and non-local response can potentially give rise to oscillatory behavior if there is significant feedback from the ocean to the atmosphere. We conjecture that, on decadal and longer time scales, changes in the ocean's heat storage and transport should have an increasingly important impact on the climate. Finally, changes in the ocean circulation and distribution of heat and freshwater will also alter ventilation rates and pathways. Thus we expect a change in the net uptake of gases (e.g., O 2 , CO 2 ), altered nutrient balance, and changes in the dispersion of marine life. We review what is known about the oceanic response to changes in NAO-induced forcing from combined theoretical, numerical experimentation and observational perspectives.