Genetics of flowering time in bread wheat Triticum aestivum: complementary interaction between vernalization-insensitive and photoperiod-insensitive mutations imparts very early flowering habit to spring wheat
Genetics of flowering time in bread wheat Triticum aestivum: complementary interaction between vernalization-insensitive and photoperiod-insensitive mutations imparts very early flowering habit to spring wheat
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DOI：
10.1007/s12041-012-0149-3
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发表时间：
2012-04-01
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Singh, Anupam
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kumar, Sushil;Sharma, Vishakha;Singh, Anupam
面包小麦冬季生长习性中的开花时间取决于春化作用（暴露于寒冷条件下）和暴露于长日照（光周期）。显性 Vrn-1（Vrn-A1、Vrn-B1 和 Vrn-D1）等位基因与不依赖春化的春季生长习性相关。半显性 Ppd-D1a 突变使小麦在短日照和长日照条件下具有光周期不敏感性或快速开花。本研究的目的是揭示 Vrn-1 和 Ppd-D1a 突变（各自基因 vrn-1 和 Ppd-D1b 的活性等位基因）之间相互作用的本质。通过在新德里的自然田间条件下每月播种五年，对 12 个印度春小麦品种和中国春春小麦地方品种的开花时间进行了表征。在两个遗传背景中构建的近等基因Vrn-1 Ppd-D1和Vrn-1 Ppd-D1a品系也通过在两个不同季节播种来对开花时间进行表型分析。 Vrn-A1a Vrn-B1 Vrn-D1 Ppd-D1a、Vrn-A1a Vrn-B1 Ppd-D1a 和 Vrn-A1a Vrn-D1 Ppd-D1a（或 Vrn-1 Ppd-D1a）基因型的小麦品系比 Vrn-A1a Vrn-B1 早几周开花Vrn-D1 Ppd-D1b、Vrn-A1b Ppd-D1b 和 Vrn-D1 Ppd-D1b（或 Vrn-1 Ppd-D1b）基因型。同基因春化不敏感品系的开花时间表型证实 Ppd-D1a 使开花时间提前了几周。结论是，Vrn-1 和 Ppd-D1a 活性等位基因之间的互补相互作用赋予春小麦超/极早开花习性。早花和晚花小麦品种在短日照和长日照条件下的开花时间存在差异。 Vrn-1 Ppd-D1a 基因型的开花时间因长日照条件下的较高温度而加速。春小麦开花的环境空气温度和光周期参数分别估计为25℃和12小时。
Time to flowering in the winter growth habit bread wheat is dependent on vernalization (exposure to cold conditions) and exposure to long days (photoperiod). Dominant Vrn-1 (Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1 and Vrn-D1) alleles are associated with vernalization-independent spring growth habit. The semidominant Ppd-D1a mutation confers photoperiod-insensitivity or rapid flowering in wheat under short day and long day conditions. The objective of this study was to reveal the nature of interaction between Vrn-1 and Ppd-D1a mutations (active alleles of the respective genes vrn-1 and Ppd-D1b). Twelve Indian spring wheat cultivars and the spring wheat landrace Chinese Spring were characterized for their flowering times by seeding them every month for five years under natural field conditions in New Delhi. Near isogenic Vrn-1 Ppd-D1 and Vrn-1 Ppd-D1a lines constructed in two genetic backgrounds were also phenotyped for flowering time by seeding in two different seasons. The wheat lines of Vrn-A1a Vrn-B1 Vrn-D1 Ppd-D1a, Vrn-A1a Vrn-B1 Ppd-D1a and Vrn-A1a Vrn-D1 Ppd-D1a (or Vrn-1 Ppd-D1a) genotypes flowered several weeks earlier than that of Vrn-A1a Vrn-B1 Vrn-D1 Ppd-D1b, Vrn-A1b Ppd-D1b and Vrn-D1 Ppd-D1b (or Vrn-1 Ppd-D1b) genotypes. The flowering time phenotypes of the isogenic vernalization-insensitive lines confirmed that Ppd-D1a hastened flowering by several weeks. It was concluded that complementary interaction between Vrn-1 and Ppd-D1a active alleles imparted super/very-early flowering habit to spring wheats. The early and late flowering wheat varieties showed differences in flowering time between short day and long day conditions. The flowering time in Vrn-1 Ppd-D1a genotypes was hastened by higher temperatures under long day conditions. The ambient air temperature and photoperiod parameters for flowering in spring wheat were estimated at 25 degrees C and 12 h, respectively.