Recent Advances and Current Challenges in Synthetic Biology of the Plastid Genetic System and Metabolism
Recent Advances and Current Challenges in Synthetic Biology of the Plastid Genetic System and Metabolism
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DOI：
10.1104/pp.18.00767
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发表时间：
2019-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Bock, Ralph
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Boehm, Christian R.;Bock, Ralph
以重组 DNA 技术为基础，DNA 合成、组装和分析的飞跃在过去二十年里彻底改变了遗传学和分子生物学（Kosuri 和 Church，2014）。这些技术进步加速了合成生物学作为一门新学科的出现（Cameron 等，2014）。合成生物学的特点是基于信息技术和工程学原理，致力于修改现有的生物系统和设计新型生物系统（Andrianantoandro 等，2006；Khalil 和 Collins，2010）。与机械、电气和土木工程等更传统的工程学科一样，合成生物学家利用抽象、解耦和标准化来使生物系统的设计更加高效和可扩展。为了促进复杂性的管理，合成生物学依赖于由多个层次组成的抽象层次结构（Endy，2005）：DNA作为遗传物质，“部分”作为编码基本生物功能的DNA元素（例如启动子、核糖体结合位点、终止子序列），“装置”作为实现人类定义功能的部分的任何组合，“系统”作为实现人类定义功能的装置的任何组合。 预定的目的。零件被指定在更高级别的设备或系统中执行可预测的模块化功能，这些功能通过设计、构建和测试的周期不断完善。
Building on recombinant DNA technology, leaps in synthesis, assembly, and analysis of DNA have revolutionized genetics and molecular biology over the past two decades (Kosuri and Church, 2014). These technological advances have accelerated the emergence of synthetic biology as a new discipline (Cameron et al., 2014). Synthetic biology is characterized by efforts targeted at the modification of existing and the design of novel biological systems based on principles adopted from information technology and engineering (Andrianantoandro et al., 2006; Khalil and Collins, 2010). As in more traditional engineering disciplines such as mechanical, electrical and civil engineering, synthetic biologists utilize abstraction, decoupling and standardization to make the design of biological systems more efficient and scalable. To facilitate the management of complexity, synthetic biology relies on an abstraction hierarchy composed of multiple levels (Endy, 2005): DNA as genetic material, "parts" as elements of DNA encoding basic biological functions (e.g. promoter, ribosome-binding site, terminator sequence), "devices" as any combination of parts implementing a human-defined function, and "systems" as any combination of devices fulfilling a predefined purpose. Parts are designated to perform predictable and modular functions in the context of higher-level devices or systems, which are successively refined through a cycle of designing, building, and testing.