Living in the cracks: Two novel genera of Variosea (Amoebozoa) discovered on an urban sidewalk
Living in the cracks: Two novel genera of Variosea (Amoebozoa) discovered on an urban sidewalk
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DOI：
10.1111/jeu.13020
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发表时间：
2024-01-19
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Brown，Matthew W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fry，Nicholas;Schuler，Gabriel A.;Brown，Matthew W.
生物土壤结皮是多种多样和复杂的真核微生物群落的丰富栖息地。一个独特但极其常见的栖息地是城市人行道及其收集碎屑的裂缝。虽然这些栖息地在地球仪上无处不在，但很少或根本没有工作来描述在那里发现的原生生物。变形虫原生生物是这些微生境中细菌和其他微生物真核生物的主要捕食者，因此发挥着重要的生态作用。从人行道裂缝土壤结皮，我们已经分离出三个裸露的阿米巴细锥形subpseudopodia，和一个简单的生活史组成的营养阿米巴和包囊阶段。使用一个整体的方法，包括光，电子和荧光显微镜，以及使用核糖体小亚基rRNA基因和使用230个核基因的基因组学，我们发现，这些变形虫生物无法匹配任何以前描述的真核生物属。但根据变形虫的遗传学特征，我们确定该变形虫属于变形虫类群Variosea。分子分析将我们的菌株在两个新的属形成一个等级的variosean组Protosteliida的基础上。在两个新属和新种中，这三个新变种在本文中被命名为“Kanabo kenzan”和“Parakanabo toge”。
Biological soil crusts represent a rich habitat for diverse and complex eukaryotic microbial communities. A unique but extremely common habitat is the urban sidewalk and its cracks that collect detritus. While these habitats are ubiquitous across the globe, little to no work has been conducted to characterize protists found there. Amoeboid protists are major predators of bacteria and other microbial eukaryotes in these microhabitats and therefore play a substantial ecological role. From sidewalk crack soil crusts, we have isolated three naked amoebae with finely tapered subpseudopodia, and a simple life cycle consisting of a trophic amoeba and a cyst stage. Using a holistic approach including light, electron, and fluorescence microscopy as well as phylogenetics using the ribosomal small subunit rRNA gene and phylogenomics using 230 nuclear genes, we find that these amoeboid organisms fail to match any previously described eukaryote genus. However, we determined the amoebae belong to the amoebozoan lineage Variosea based on phylogenetics. The molecular analyses place our isolates in two novel genera forming a grade at the base of the variosean group Protosteliida. These three novel varioseans among two novel genera and species are herein named “Kanabo kenzan” and “Parakanabo toge.”