Hormonal Restructuring of the Adult Brain: Basic and Clinical Perspectives
Hormonal Restructuring of the Adult Brain: Basic and Clinical Perspectives
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成人大脑的激素重组：基础和临床观点
DOI：
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发表时间：
1994
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
C. Harding
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
V. Luine;C. Harding
关于类固醇激素对大脑结构影响的描述历史虽短，但却引人注目。莱斯曼和菲尔德做出了当时令人震惊的观察，即性腺激素似乎会导致发育期间脑细胞结构的改变，距今大约二十年。使用电子显微镜，他们发现下丘脑视前区内主要的棘突触或轴突触的模式取决于睾丸分泌物的存在或不存在。仅仅四年后，诺特博姆和阿诺德2描述了鸣禽大脑中细胞核体积的性别差异，这些差异大到可以用肉眼看到。大脑结构中的性别二态性与已知的行为二态性相似，这一事实使这一发现变得更加令人兴奋。他们发现，雄性金丝雀和斑胸草雀中参与控制歌唱行为的脑核比雌性更大，而且在这些物种中，雄性会唱复杂的歌曲，而雌性则不会。性腺激素可以指导大脑发育并改变突触结构的想法是革命性的，事实上，在人们广泛接受性腺激素在发育中的大脑区域内编程细胞结构这一观点之前，已经过去了很多年。然而现在，有新的
The description of steroid hormone effects on brain structure has a short, but remarkable, history. It has only been approximately twenty years since Raisman and Field' made the then astounding observation that gonadal hormones seemed to cause alterations in the structure of brain cells during the developmental period. Using electron microscopy, they found that the pattern of predominantly spine or shaft synapses within the preoptic area of the hypothalamus depended on the presence or absence of testicular secretions. Just four years later, Nottebohm and Arnold2 described sex differences in the volumes of nuclei in songbird brains which were so large that they could be seen with the naked eye. This finding was made even more exciting by the fact that the sexual dimorphism in brain structure paralleled a known dimorphism in behavior. They found that brain nuclei involved in the control of singing behavior were larger in male canaries and zebra finches than in females, and in these species, males sing complex songs and females do not. The idea that gonadal hormones could direct brain development and alter synaptic structure was revolutionary, and, in fact, a number of years passed before it was widely accepted that gonadal hormones programmed cellular structure within areas of the developin brain. Now, however, there are nu-