Multiple traumas, postelection violence, and posttraumatic stress among impoverished Kenyan youth
Multiple traumas, postelection violence, and posttraumatic stress among impoverished Kenyan youth
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DOI：
10.1002/jts.21660
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发表时间：
2012-02-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Ndetei, David M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Harder, Valerie S.;Mutiso, Victoria N.;Ndetei, David M.
青少年创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的研究主要集中在发达国家的特定亚群上。然而，世界上大多数青年暴力和类似战争的暴力集中在发展中国家，但受影响国家内部的心理健康数据有限。这项研究的重点是在肯尼亚内罗毕的一个非正式定居点中随机抽取552名年龄在618岁的贫困青年作为社区样本，该定居点在2007年有争议的总统选举后经历了一个月的战争式暴力。根据UCLA PTSD反应指数（Steinberg, Brymer, Decker, & Pynoos, 2004），暴力结束6个月后，99人（18%）患有PTSD，另外18人（3%）由于总体得分高而被发现患有部分PTSD。肯尼亚心理学家进行了诊断访谈，发现评估工具的积极预测价值在这个样本中为72%；确诊患病率为12%。与世界范围内的其他研究类似，根据DSM-IV-TR，标准C（回避）是诊断PTSD的限制因素，父母的同意最多是公平的。创伤经历的次数与创伤后应激障碍的结果密切相关。没有发现年龄或性别的差异。研究结果表明，有必要为肯尼亚内罗毕贫困非正式定居点的创伤暴露青年及其家庭提供普遍的心理健康服务。
Research on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among youth has focused on specific subgroups from developed countries. Most of the world's youth and war-like violence, however, is concentrated in developing countries, yet there is limited mental health data within affected countries. This study focused on a random community-based sample of 552 impoverished youth ages 618 within an informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya, which experienced war-like violence for a month following the contested presidential election of 2007. Six months after the violence ended, 99 (18%) had PTSD according to the UCLA PTSD Reaction Index (Steinberg, Brymer, Decker, & Pynoos, 2004), and an additional 18 (3%) were found to have partial PTSD due to high overall scores. Kenyan psychologists conducted diagnostic interviews and found the positive predictive value of the assessment tool to be 72% in this sample; the confirmed prevalence was 12%. Similar to other studies worldwide, Criterion C (avoidance) was the limiting factor for diagnosing PTSD according to the DSM-IV-TR, and parentchild agreement was at best fair. The number of traumatic experiences was strongly associated with PTSD outcomes. Differences due to age or sex were not found. The findings indicate the need for universal mental health services for trauma-exposed youth and their families in the impoverished informal settlements of Nairobi, Kenya.