Rapid Methods to Estimate Potential Exposure to Semivolatile Organic Compounds in the Indoor Environment
Rapid Methods to Estimate Potential Exposure to Semivolatile Organic Compounds in the Indoor Environment
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DOI：
10.1021/es301088a
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发表时间：
2012-10-16
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Hubal, Elaine A. Cohen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Little, John C.;Weschler, Charles J.;Hubal, Elaine A. Cohen
需要一种系统且高效的策略来评估和管理因数千种化学品的生产和使用而对人类健康产生的潜在风险。在对大量化学品进行快速评估的现有工具中，在评估室内暴露情况的能力方面存在重大差距。对于半挥发性有机化合物（SVOCs），其暴露情况受到含有这些SVOCs的产品类型的强烈影响。我们提出了获取两种主要SVOC来源类别筛选水平估计值的方法：室内使用产品中的添加剂以及喷洒或涂抹于室内表面的产品中的成分。考虑到产品使用、排放特性以及SVOCs的性质，我们估计了通过吸入气相中的SVOCs、吸入吸附在空气悬浮颗粒上的SVOCs、摄入吸附在灰尘上的SVOCs以及皮肤从空气中吸收SVOCs进入血液的暴露量。我们还评估了如果进行化学替代，普通公众的暴露情况将如何变化。需要进一步开发一套综合模型，包括其他含SVOC的产品和其他SVOC暴露途径，以及估计或测量关键参数（特别是与产品中SVOC的物质相浓度平衡的气相浓度，即y(0)）的适当方法。当与快速毒性估计相结合时，筛选水平的暴露估计可有助于对一系列受关注的化学品进行基于健康风险的优先级排序。
A systematic and efficient strategy is needed to assess and manage potential risks to human health that arise from the manufacture and use of thousands of chemicals. Among available tools for rapid assessment of large numbers of chemicals, significant gaps are associated with the capability to evaluate exposures that occur indoors. For semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs), exposure is strongly influenced by the types of products in which these SVOCs occur. We propose methods for obtaining screening-level estimates for two primary SVOC source classes: additives in products used indoors and ingredients in products sprayed or applied to interior surfaces. Accounting for product use, emission characteristics, and the properties of the SVOCs, we estimate exposure via inhalation of SVOCs in the gas-phase, inhalation of SVOCs sorbed to airborne particles, ingestion of SVOCs sorbed to dust, and dermal sorption of SVOCs from the air into the blood. We also evaluate how exposure to the general public will change if chemical substitutions are made. Further development of a comprehensive set of models including the other SVOC-containing products and the other SVOC exposure pathways, together with appropriate methods for estimating or measuring the key parameters (in particular, the gas-phase concentration in equilibrium with the material-phase concentration of the SVOC in the product, or y(0)), is needed. When combined with rapid toxicity estimates, screening-level exposure estimates can contribute to health-risk-based prioritization of a wide range of chemicals of concern.