Boundary crossing for urban community resilience: A social vulnerability and multi-hazard approach in Austin, Texas, USA
Boundary crossing for urban community resilience: A social vulnerability and multi-hazard approach in Austin, Texas, USA
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102613
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发表时间：
2021-10-13
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Coudert, Marc
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bixler, R. Patrick;Yang, Euijin;Coudert, Marc
受土地使用、气候和人口变化的驱动，城市社区面临的自然灾害风险继续增加。社会弱势群体不成比例地居住在灾害易发地区，对重大影响更敏感，科普社会自然灾害的能力较弱。应对城市灾害风险日益增加的挑战的一个办法是，通过多种灾害风险评估，将灾害科学家和减少灾害风险工作者联系起来。基于美国德克萨斯州奥斯汀市的研究和实践，本文提出了一种多灾害风险评估方法，该方法将多种自然灾害（洪水，野火和极端高温）和社会脆弱性结合起来。我们的方法生成了标准化的定量指标和地理空间地图，这些指标和地图可以识别相对较高的危险暴露和敏感性聚集在一起的社区，以创建降低风险的优先区域。多灾害风险评估将研究人员跨越传统的孤岛联系起来，地图促进了学术界-城市工作人员-社区团体的沟通和协作。除了介绍多灾害风险评估的方法和结果外，我们还反思了该过程和地图如何作为边界对象进行操作，从而引起灾害科学家和减少灾害风险从业人员之间的合作。我们建议的共同生产和多风险评估的交叉点，我们报告的多危害评估方法和城市社区恢复力共同生产的影响。
Natural hazard exposure in urban communities continues to increase, driven by changes in land use, climate, and demographics. Socially vulnerable populations disproportionately inhabit hazard-prone areas, are more sensitive to significant impacts, and have less capacity to cope with socio-natural disasters. One approach to address the challenges of increasing urban hazard risk is to connect hazard scientists and disaster risk reduction practitioners through multi-hazard risk assessments. Based on research and practice in Austin, Texas, USA, this paper presents a methodology for a multi-hazard risk assessment that combines exposure to multiple natural hazards (flood, wildfire, and extreme heat) and social vulnerability. Our approach generated normalized quantitative indicators and geospatial maps that identify neighborhoods where relatively high hazard exposure and sensitivity converge to create risk reduction priority areas. The multi-hazard risk assessment connected researchers across traditional silos and the maps catalyzed academics-city staff-community group communication and collaboration. In addition to presenting the methodology and results of the multi-hazard risk assessment, we reflect on how the process and the maps operated as boundary objects giving rise the co-production beteween hazard scientists and disaster risk reduction practitioners. We suggest the intersection of co-production and multi-risk assessments We report on the multi-hazard assessment methodology and the implications for urban community resilience coproduction.