Research, part of a Special Feature on New Methods for Adaptive Water Management Managing Change toward Adaptive Water Management through Social Learning
Research, part of a Special Feature on New Methods for Adaptive Water Management Managing Change toward Adaptive Water Management through Social Learning
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发表时间：
2007
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通讯作者：
C. Pahl‐Wostl;J. Sendzimir;P. Jeffrey;J. Aerts;Ger Berkamp;K. Cross
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作者：
C. Pahl‐Wostl;J. Sendzimir;P. Jeffrey;J. Aerts;Ger Berkamp;K. Cross
水资源管理目前正经历着一种模式转变，转向一种更加综合和参与性的管理方式。本文件强调需要充分考虑到所管理的系统的复杂性，并更多地注意不确定性。要做到这一点，就需要采取适应性管理办法，这些办法可以更笼统地界定为通过借鉴以往管理行动的成果来改进管理政策和做法的系统战略。本文介绍了适应性水资源管理的原则如何在一个不确定和复杂的世界中改善可持续和综合水资源管理的概念和方法基础。关键的辩论是围绕四个问题：（1）什么类型的不确定性需要考虑在水资源管理？(2)适应性管理如何应对不确定性？(3)适应性管理制度的特点是什么？(4)社会学习在管理变革中的作用是什么？需要进行重大改造，因为在许多情况下，结构要求，例如，没有适应性强的机构和灵活的技术基础设施来进行适应性管理。最后，我们列举了一些研究需求，并根据目前的知识状况总结了实用的建议。
The management of water resources is currently undergoing a paradigm shift toward a more integrated and participatory management style. This paper highlights the need to fully take into account the complexity of the systems to be managed and to give more attention to uncertainties. Achieving this requires adaptive management approaches that can more generally be defined as systematic strategies for improving management policies and practices by learning from the outcomes of previous management actions. This paper describes how the principles of adaptive water management might improve the conceptual and methodological base for sustainable and integrated water management in an uncertain and complex world. Critical debate is structured around four questions: (1) What types of uncertainty need to be taken into account in water management? (2) How does adaptive management account for uncertainty? (3) What are the characteristics of adaptive management regimes? (4) What is the role of social learning in managing change? Major transformation processes are needed because, in many cases, the structural requirements, e.g., adaptive institutions and a flexible technical infrastructure, for adaptive management are not available. In conclusion, we itemize a number of research needs and summarize practical recommendations based on the current state of knowledge.