RAFTING OF REEF CORALS AND OTHER ORGANISMS AT KWAJALEIN ATOLL
RAFTING OF REEF CORALS AND OTHER ORGANISMS AT KWAJALEIN ATOLL
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DOI：
10.1007/bf00541650
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发表时间：
1989-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
JOKIEL, PL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
JOKIEL, PL
1988年初在夸贾林环礁(北纬168度)进行的研究表明，海洋生物通常是通过漂流浮石、漂流木材和其他漂浮物排到该地区的。浮石上的珊瑚骨架提供了最有用的定量数据，因为它们在木筏上活动的生物体离开后仍然存在，木筏上的固着形态已经分解或被清除。在夸贾林环礁的地质历史中，估计最少有109块浮石碎片携带珊瑚进入夸贾林环礁，更现实的估计是超过1011块。如果能够确定漂流在木头、木炭、坚果和种子等浮动有机材料上的珊瑚群体的估计数量，那么流入环礁的珊瑚群体估计数量可能必须增加几倍。在本研究中，夸贾林环礁一个典型的海滩浮石样本每立方米散装浮石碎片含有103个珊瑚菌落。主要的浮石崩塌事件往往是火山喷发造成的。根据观测到的夸贾林珊瑚污损率和漂流浮石生产的文献价值进行的估计表明，105个殖民地可以被报告的最小浮石生产事件排过热带，而最多1012个殖民地可以用于大型浮石生产。在本研究中，回收的木筏珊瑚大多属于Pocillopora属的物种，但也收集了Porites和Millepora的物种。对浮石、原木、漂流瓶和残骸的表面水流数据和报告的漂移模式的分析表明，漂流珊瑚和漂流幼虫主要从珊瑚物种多样性较低的外围地区向珊瑚多样性较高的中心移动。珊瑚多样性中心可以被视为珊瑚物种积累的区域，而不是珊瑚物种起源的中心。
Studies conducted at Kwajalein Atoll (.degree.N; 168.degree.E) in early 1988 reveal that marine organisms are commonly rafted into the area on drift pumice, drift wood and other flotsam. Coral skeletons on pumice provide the most useful quantitative data because they persist after rafted motile organisms have departed and rafted sessile forms have decomposed or been scavenged. The estimated minimum number of pumice fragments carrying corals into Kwajalein Atoll during its geological history is on the order of 109, with a more realistic estimate in excess of 1011. The estimated number of coral colonies rafted into the atoll would probably have to be increased several-fold if rafting on floating organic materials such as wood, charcoal, nuts and seeds could be determined. In the present study, a typical sample of beached pumice from Kwajalein Atoll contained 103 coral colonies per m3 of bulk pumice fragments. Major pumice rafing episodes frequently result from volcanic eruptions. Estimates based on the observed Kwajalein coral fouling rate and literature values for drift pumice production suggest that 105 colonies could be rafted through the tropics by the smallest reported pumice-producing events and up to 1012 colonies for large events. In the present study, most of the rafted corals that were recovered belong to species of the genus Pocillopora, but species of Porites and Millepora were also collected. Analysis of surface-current data and reported drift patterns for pumice, logs, drift bottles and wrecks suggests that movement of rafted corals and drifting larvae is predominantly from peripheral areas of low coral-species diversity into centers of high coral diversity. Coral diversity centers might be viewed as areas of coral species accumulation rather than centers of coral species origin.